BACKGROUND Simultaneous or sequential exposure to multiple environmental stressors can affect chemical toxicity. Cumulative risk assessments consider multiple stressors but it is impractical to test every chemical combination to which people are exposed. New methods are needed to prioritize chemical combinations based on their prevalence and possible health impacts. OBJECTIVES We introduce an...

Department of Organic Fine Chemicals, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Yokohama City Institute of Health, 1-2-17, Takigashira, Isogo-ku, Yokohama 235-001...

The asymmetric unit of title compound, [Co(C(3)H(10)NO(7)P(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], contains one half-mol-ecule of the complex. The Co(II) atom is located on an inversion centre and displays a distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry defined by four O atoms of two 3-aza-niumyl-1-hy-droxy-propyl-idene-1,1-bis-phospho-nato ligands in the equatorial plane and two water mol-ecules located in axial pos...

THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acet-oxy-meth-yl)-6-propoxytetra-hydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate], C(17)H(26)O(10), was formed by a Koenigs-Knorr reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide and n-propanol. The central ring adopts a chair conformation. The crystal does not contain any significant inter-actions such as hydrogen bonds.

Pharmaceutical preparations usually contain preservatives and sweeteners. When parabens are used as preservatives and a polyol as a sweetener, a transesterification reaction may happen, yielding the transester polyol-paraben. The products formed in the transesterification reaction of methylparaben and sorbitol were analyzed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and by HPLC. Up to six positi...