this study examined the effects of a protein rich diet on coping neurotransmitter levels in orally administered ampicillin–induced neurotoxic rats compared with propionic acid (pa) models of autism. 40 young male western albino rats were divided into four groups. the first group served as control and received phosphate buffered saline orally; the second group serving as autistic model was treat...

In the present study, a wild-type Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SP5 (L. SP5) potential probiotic strain (previously isolated from kefir grains) was applied for 1-day fermentation of an apple–orange–carrot mixed juice. After fermentation, juice refrigerated in cold storage at 4 °C, and microbiological stability, characterization volatiles, physicochemical properties (pH, total titratable acidity ...

The ruminant is able to digest and utilize a wider range of carbohydrates than most other mammals, yet the means whereby it carries out this digestion also ensures that it may, during periods of high productivity, suffer from a shortage of glucose. Indeed the plight of the high-producing ruminant is not so very different from that of the ancient Mariner who had ‘Water water every where. Nor any...

The ruminant is able to digest and utilize a wider range of carbohydrates than most other mammals, yet the means whereby it carries out this digestion also ensures that it may, during periods of high productivity, suffer from a shortage of glucose. Indeed the plight of the high-producing ruminant is not so very different from that of the ancient Mariner who had ‘Water water every where. Nor any...

The mechanism of the formation of propionate by the propionic acid bacteria has remained uncertain for many years but current evidence indicates its formation is by decarboxylation of succinate (review by van Niel, 1952). Johns (1951a) demonstrated that Micrococcus lactilyticus decarboxylates succinate very rapidly to propionate. Delwiche (1948) and Johns (1951b) have concluded that propionate ...

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for dark fermentation using agro-industrial liquid wastewaters mixed with sweet sorghum stalks (i.e., 55% sorghum, 40% cheese whey, and 5% cow manure). Batch experiments were performed investigate effect controlled pH (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5) on production bio-hydrogen volatile fatty acids. According obtained results, maximum hydrogen yi...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), e.g. acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, generated through colonic fermentation of dietary fibers, have been shown to reach the systemic circulation at micromolar concentrations. Moreover, SCFAs have been conferred anti-obesity properties in both animal models and human subjects. Branched SCFAs (BSCFAs), e.g., isobutyric and isovaleric acid, are genera...

Hexamita sp. is an amitochondriate free-living diplomonad which inhabits O(2)-limited environments, such as the deep waters and sediments of lakes and marine basins. C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals ethanol, lactate, acetate, and alanine as products of glucose fermentation under microaerobic conditions (23 to 34 muM O(2)). Propionic acid and butyric acid were also detected and ...