Controversy and lack of consensus have been encountered in the management of pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI), including its diagnosis, radiological investigations and the use of antibiotic therapy. In this review, we discuss the need for radiological investigations and the extent of their use as well as the need for prophylactic antibiotics in children with UTI and vesicoureteral reflux...

Surgical site infection is one of the most common complications following Lower Segment Cesarean Section, which accounts for prolonged hospital stay thereby increasing expense. Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section reduces surgical site infection significantly. The best protection is provided when tissue level of antibiotics are adequate before incision, without prejudice to neonatal inf...

A study of twenty-five cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis suggests that the antibiotics used for perioperative prophylaxis may alter the type and antibiotic sensitivity of organisms which subsequently infect the artificial valves. Based on the results of this study, the authors have been able to modify their prophylactic regime to encompass these organisms and to predict the antibiotics mos...

To analyze the risk of cannula sepsis from indwelling umbilical arterial catheters and the indication for prophylactic antibiotics, 137 catheterized neonates with respiratory distress were prospectively placed into either antibiotic-treated (penicillin 50,000U/kg/day and kanamycin 15 mg./kg./day) or non-treated groups. Although bacteria were frequently isolated from blood and catheter tip cultu...

* Reader, Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, Harsaran Das Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India ** Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Harsaran Das Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India *** Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Krishna Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India ________________________________________________________...

Surgical site infections remain a significant contributor to postoperative morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that 500,000 patients suffer from this complication annually. Among other interventions, appropriate administration of prophylactic antibiotics has been shown to decrease the risk of perioperative infections. The goal of prophylactic antibiotic administration is to decrease the ri...

BACKGROUND Research shows that administration of prophylactic antibiotics before colorectal surgery prevents postoperative surgical wound infection (SWI). The best antibiotic choice, timing of administration and route of administration remain undetermined. OBJECTIVES To establish the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis for the prevention of SWI in patients undergoing colorectal surgery...

This study was conducted to find out the group B streptococcus colonisation of pregnant women in Kocaeli, Turkey. A culture plus individualised high-risk-based antibiotic prophylaxis was compared with high-risk-based approach alone. The screening of women was performed via vaginal and anal cultures for group B streptococcus (GBS). The maternal GBS colonisation rate was found to be 6.5%. All col...

A survey on the use of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis was carried out in seven Malaysian hospitals. Details of antibiotic prescriptions were obtained through questionnaires completed by the prescriber. A total of 430 such prescriptions was analysed. A large number of different antibiotic regimens were used for a variety of surgical procedures. The majority of prescriptions (70%) were issue...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Use of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent postoperative infection (POI) is a common practice in surgery. This study investigated the amount and cost of surgical prophylaxis in a representative general hospital in Taiwan in order to determine an appropriate course of action to control antibiotic use and decrease the burden of resistance. METHODS The use of antibiotic pr...