Oxidative stress is critically involved in a variety of diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly toxic molecules that are generated during the body's metabolic reactions and can react with and damage some cellular molecules such as lipids, proteins, or DNA. Liver is an important target of the oxidative stress because of its exposure to various prooxidant toxic compounds as well as of ...

This paper describes the development of a dual-channel microchip in a dual-parallel electrode configuration for voltammetric characterization of analytes in real time. The microchip system contains two distinct separation channels, each having a platinum working electrode set at a different potential. Two separate electropherograms were recorded and current ratios were generated based on the cu...

In addition to exhibiting antioxidant properties, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E may modulate gene expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Depending on cellular microenvironments, such modulation reflects either antioxidant or prooxidant outcomes. Although epidemiological/experimental studies have indicated that CLA and vitamin E have health promoting properties, recent find...

Oxidative stress occurs as a result of imbalance between the antioxidant and prooxidant systems acting at certain points in metabolic processes, in favor of the last. The oxidative stress, defined by H Sies following extensive research performed between 1981 and 1993, is the outcome of intense generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are not counteracted by endogenous antioxidant mole...

Antioxidants are the essential defense mechanism to protect the body against free radical damage. The objective of the study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity of different parts of Withania somnifera (leaves, fresh tubers and dry tubers) towards free radical DPPH and the extent of inhibition of lipid peroxidation using hydrogen peroxide as prooxidant. The plant extracts exhib...

Details of the discovery of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) are described in the context of research on mitochondria in the early 1950s. The importance of the research environment created by David E. Green to the recognition of the compound and its role in mitochondria is emphasized as well as the dedicated work of Karl Folkers to find the medical and nutritional significance. The development of divers...

Preeclampsia (PE) is an obstetric disease seen in approximately 4-5% of pregnancies progressing with hypertension and urinary proteinuria. It may cause maternal fetal complications. Despite numerous researches the field PE, underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. However, these related studies, it has been concluded that there are many molecular mechanisms trigger PE. Based on mechanisms, PE c...

In this minireview, the factors involved in the development of corneal injury due to an increased amount of UVB rays are summarized. Experimental studies have shown that an increased number of UVB rays leads to a profound decrease in corneal antioxidants (high molecular weight, antioxidant enzymes as well as low molecular weight, mainly ascorbic acid) so that a prooxidant/antioxidant imbalance ...

Since metals are cable of catalysing the free radical reactions, different metal (Mg, Mn, Zn) compounds were studied to determine their hydroxyl radical generating and/or scavenging abilities depending on ligand in a H2O2/OH -luminol system with or without microperoxidase. Magnesium oxide, magnesium gluconate and manganese gluconate increase the free radical reactions in the H2O2/OH -luminol sy...