The standard intertemporal model of open economy with a dynamic budget constraint predicts that investment and saving should be cointegrated as long as the economy does not violate its budget constraint. Recent empirical studies of the long run investment-saving comovement for the 1947:1–1987:3 period US data, however, report conflicting findings: some studies find that the time series of inves...

Stephen E. Schauer, Teresa A. Golden, Delwin S. Merchant, Biranchi N. Patra, Jean D. Lang, Sumita Ray, Bulbul Chakravarti, Deb Chakravarti, and Animesh Ray Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA and Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, USA Address communication to: Animesh Ray, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711; Phone: (909...

There are two main effects from movie piracy: a cannibalization effect which reduces legitimate sales, and a promotional effect which increases word-of-mouth and stimulates sales. While these two effects have been hypothesized, the extant literature has not been able to disentangle them. We show how this decomposition can be measured using a hidden Markov model adapted from MOVIEMOD. Using data...

In part due to the increasing demand for citizen participation in public decision processes, participatory budgets are becoming increasingly popular in many municipalities. As there is little methodology available for this type of activities and Information Technologies are scarcely used in them, we describe a prototype of a web-based decision support tool for participatory budget problems. We ...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to describe HIV prevention programs conducted by nongovernmental organizations (NGO) that are meeting this challenge. METHODS One NGO undertaking HIV prevention programs was evaluated in each of the 23 countries participating in the Global AIDS Intervention Network (GAIN) Project throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. A two-stage selection process...

BACKGROUND A major marketing technique used by pharmaceutical companies is direct-to-physician marketing. This form of marketing frequently employs promotional marketing brochures, based on clinical research, which may influence how a physician prescribes medicines. This study's objective was to investigate whether or not the information in promotional brochures presented to physicians by pharm...

The reduction in transportation costs when travelling with a low-cost airline (LCA) seems to have modified the composition of the trip budget. An understanding of expenditure composition when comparing LCA and legacy airline travellers is vital for destination marketers. Using micro official statistics data for air travellers to Spain in 2010 and the compositional data analysis (CODA) methodolo...

Organized retailing in India is going through a paradigm shift, what was once family business now run by professionals. They use mass media strategies to catch customers. But those days are gone when one advertisement can be used for marketing throughout the country. This research carried out Punjab understand need change promotional strategies. paper proposes four new cater of customers better...