In this study, we have presented the case report of a 20 year old boy who suffered an electric injury shock, following which he showed peripapillary retinal opacification and increased retinal thickening that subsequently progressed to retinal atrophy. The fluorescein angiogram revealed normal retinal circulation, thus indicating thermal damage to retina without any compromise to retinal circul...

The purpose of the study was to describe the clinical and electroretinographic features of clinical cases of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in miniature schnauzer (MS) of South Korea. Sixty-six MS (14 normal and 52 affected) were included. All animals underwent routine ocular examinations. Electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded in the 14 normal and 15 affected dogs. For normal dogs, the mean a...

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Identification of multiple system atrophy mimicking Parkinson’s disease or progressive supranuclear palsy’ by Miki et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awab017).

Brain stem potentials from three groups of patients, namely those with pure progressive autonomic failure, Parkinson's disease and multisystem atrophy with progressive autonomic failure (Shy-Drager syndrome) were compared with each other and a group of normal subjects. In virtually all the patients with multisystem atrophy with progressive autonomic failure the brain stem potentials were abnorm...

The cyclic guanosine monophosphate specific phosphodiesterase (cGMP-specific PDE) is a key enzyme in the phototransduction cascade of the vertebrate retina. This enzyme consists of two catalytic alpha and beta subunits, two identical inhibitory gamma subunits as well as a delta subunit. Mutations in PDE6A and the PDE6B genes lead to autosomal recessive (ar) forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in...