Progressive collapse is a chain reaction of failures propagating throughout a portion of the structure disproportionate to the original local failure occurring when a sudden loss of a critical load‐bearing element initiates a structural element failure, eventually resulting in partial or full collapse of the structure. Both General Services Administration (GSA) and United States Department of D...

Due to the limited bandwidth available to mobile devices transmitting large amount of geographic data over the Internet to these devices is challenging. Such data is often high-resolution vector data and is far too detailed with respect to most location-based services (LBS) user requirements. A less detailed version may be sent prior to the complete dataset using a progressive transmission stra...