Seagliders, deployed through most of 2005 in the subtropical North Pacific gyre, made measurements of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen to quantify net community production (NCP) at Station A LongTerm Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment (ALOHA) of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) using an oxygen mass balance approach. A ‘bowtie’-shaped pattern, 50 km by 50 km in size was repeatedly trav...

While most current Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are 2D GIS, more and more application domains as geology, civil and military engineering, etc, need 3D GIS. The particularities and capabilities of a 3D GIS are outlined in this paper. Although 3D GIS are not much developped, some studies have already been done, especially in order to represent 3D data for geological or architectural app...

Geographic information systems (GIS) have developed in response to a range of needs, and provide highly structured environments for working with particular classes of information. The environment and structure of a GIS is defined by its data model; the paper reviews the basic data models of GIS. The needs of discrete transportation modeling have led to a number of extensions of the basic data m...

The indicators used in economics to calculate the productivity scale are not always positive, therefore, existing models need to be developed to calculate the productivity scale for the semi-negative and semi-positive output index. However, companies with a lack of capacity need to achieve economies of scale and demand for realization simultaneously in the presence of a negative outflow index, ...

Geographic information systems (GIS) have developed in response to a range of needs, and provide highly structured environments for working with particular classes of information. The environment and structure of a GIS is defined by its data model; the paper reviews the basic data models of GIS. The needs of discrete transportation modeling have led to a number of extensions of the basic data m...

The principles and technologies of computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) are increasingly integrated in many areas to support distributed collaborative production, especially with the rapid growth of the Internet and broadband network technologies. To achieve the improved efficiency and productivity, group processes and interaction must be properly addressed and the design of supporting co...

In the Earth science disciplines, both the observational instrumentation and numerical forecasting technology used to generate data are improving so rapidly that the techniques available to manage and use the resultant datasets are struggling to keep pace. A notable example is represented by the atmospheric science discipline. As observational and model output datasets in the atmospheric scienc...

The security model proposed for the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a data, which is capable of visualizing technology and has the capability to apprehend, cache, verify, amalgamate, engineer and exhibit data with the help of digitized maps. It has enormous applications in the field of engineering, business management process, communication both in the private and public regions. A GIS ...