In recent years, there has been much emphasis on improving the productivity of high-end parallel programmers. Efforts to design very large-scale platforms have focused on global address space machines that are capable of concurrently executing many thousands of threads. As a result, new higher level shared memory programming models have been proposed that are intended to reduce the programming ...

The Constrained Random (CR) portion in any verification environment is a significant contributor to both the coding effort and the simulation overhead. Often, verification engineers waste a significant amount of time debugging problems related to CR in their SystemVerilog‎[1], and UVM‎[4], testbenches. The paper illustrates the top most common SystemVerilog CR gotchas, which when carefully stud...

Liberal egalitarian theories of justice share the egalitarian ideal that inequalities due to factors beyond individual control should be eliminated. This justifies that individuals sometimes receive more (or less) than their marginal productivity, which in turn implies that a change in one individual’s effort sometimes will affect the post-tax income of others. What restrictions should we place...

BACKGROUND This study is an initial effort to examine the dynamics of efficiency and productivity in Greek public hospitals during the first phase of the crisis 2009-2012. Data were collected by the Ministry of Health after several quality controls ensuring comparability and validity of hospital inputs and outputs. Productivity is estimated using the Malmquist Indicator, decomposing the estimat...

We study a dynamic agency problem with two-sided moral hazard: the worker chooses whether to exert effort or shirk; the manager chooses whether to invest in an attention technology to recognize worker performance. In equilibrium the worker uses past recognition to infer managerial attention. An engagement trap arises: absent recent recognition, both worker effort and managerial investment decre...

The relationship between productivity and biodiversity has long been an important issue in ecological research. However, in recent decades, most ecologists have primarily focused on species diversity while paying little attention to functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity (PD), especially in alpine meadow communities following fertilization. In this study, a fertilization experiment inv...

underlying representations play a crucial role in capturing predictable relations among different phonetic categories in phonological theory. Tone sandhi is a tonal alternation phenomenon in which a tone changes to a different tone in certain phonological environments. This study investigates whether Taiwanese listeners are more sensitive to the surface form of the tones or the underlying tonal...

During the past three decades a number of theories have been proposed to explain the idiosyncrasies of software development as a team activity. These theories variously relate to: adding more programmers to a late project makes it later (Brooks); the structure of the system mirrors the structure of the organization that designed it (Conway); software modules are a responsibility assignment (Par...

This paper offers an empirical analysis of the relationship between income sharing rules and heterogeneity in medical group practices. The economies to group formation associated with risksharing, mutual monitoring, and internal referral are served by sharing at least a portion of group income equally. Sharing group income equally is problematic, however, when group members differ in their cont...

Understanding how combinations of fishing effort and selectivity affect productivity is central to fisheries research. We investigate the roles of fishing regulation in comparison with ecosystem status for Baltic Sea cod stock productivity, growth performance, and population stability. This case study is interesting because three cod populations with different exploitation patterns and stock st...