A carbon tax would penalize carbon intensive fuels like gasoline and shift fuel consumption to less carbon intensive alternatives like biofuels. Since biofuel production competes for land with agriculture, a carbon tax could raise land rents, divert land towards fuel production, and raise agricultural prices. This paper analyzes the welfare effect of a carbon tax on fuel with gasoline and biofu...

We consider a general equilibrium model a la Bhaskar (Review of Economic Studies 2002): there are complementarities across sectors, each of which comprise (many) heterogenous monopolistically competitive …rms. Bhaskar’s model is extended in two directions: production requires capital, and labour markets are segmented. Labour market segmentation models the di¢ culties of labour migrating across ...

26 Dietary collagen hydrolysate has been hypothesized to improve skin barrier function. To 27 investigate the effect of long-term collagen hydrolysate administration on the skin, we 28 evaluated stratum corneum water content and skin elasticity in intrinsically aged mice. 29 Female hairless mice were fed a control diet or a collagen hydrolysate-containing diet for 30 12 weeks. Stratum corneum w...

To optimize the cost and performance of complex cloud services under dynamic requirements, workflows and diverse cloud offerings, we rely on different elasticity control processes. An elasticity control process, when being enforced, produces effects in different parts of the cloud service. These effects normally evolve in time and depend on workload characteristics, and on the actions within th...

Elasticity is the foundation of cloud performance and can be considered as a great advantage and a key beneNt of cloud computing. However, there is no clear, concise, and formal deNnition of elasticity measurement, and thus no ePective approach to elasticity quantiNcation has been developed so far. Existing work on elasticity lack of solid and technical way of deNning elasticity measurement and...

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineering product material used as girders, beams, joist, headers, panels, etc. in construction. In this study, the effect of ply combination on oven-dry specific gravity, equilibrium moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption, tensile-shear strength, modulus rupture, elasticity compression strength parallel to grain LVL manufactured from ald...

this paper studies the dynamic behavior of price elasticity and its effects on the overall profit. although price elasticity has a significant effect on sales, its dynamics have not been examined so far in pricing models. in this paper, a simple pricing model is suggested in which, price elasticity is considered dynamic. the suggested pricing model is concerned with a monopolist that its object...

The mechanism of antifungal activities of propolis (Bee glue) was investigated for the growth, aflatoxins production, and lipids (total lipids, neutral lipids, phospholipids, and fatty acids) metabolism of Aspergillus parasiticus. The results of the present study indicated that propolis caused significant decrease in conidial production and conidial germination as well as mycelial growth (both ...

One of the major challenges in cloud computing is to simplify the monitoring and control of elasticity. On the one hand, the user should be able to specify complex elasticity requirements in a simple way and to monitor and analyze elasticity behavior based on his/her requirements. On the other hand, supporting tools for controlling and monitoring elasticity must be able to capture and control c...