This paper considers the Economic Lot Scheduling Problem, that is, the problem of scheduling several products on a single facility so as to minimize holding and setup costs. Combination of frequency and timing as well as production quantity make this problem Np-hard. A heuristic is developed to obtain a good solution to ELSP. The proposed heuristic makes use of the Simulated Annealing Technique...

This paper considers the Economic Lot Scheduling Problem, that is, the problem of scheduling several products on a single facility so as to minimize holding and setup costs. Combination of frequency and timing as well as production quantity make this problem Np-hard. A heuristic is developed to obtain a good solution to ELSP. The proposed heuristic makes use of the Simulated Annealing Technique...

this study aimed at identifying components of the household health costs.this study was a qualitative research conducted in two main phases. the first phase consisted of interviews with sample households selected in eight provinces of iran. they were to identify components of the household health costs. in the second phase, components were determined as direct, indirect and intangible based on ...

With increasing competition in the business world and the emergence and development of new technologies, many companies have turned to integrated production and distribution for timely production and delivery at the lowest cost of production and distribution and with the least delay in delivery. By increasing human population and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and industrial waste, in...

BACKGROUND Many soil-inhabiting bacteria are known to produce secondary metabolites that can suppress microorganisms competing for the same resources. The production of antimicrobial compounds is expected to incur fitness costs for the producing bacteria. Such costs form the basis for models on the co-existence of antibiotic-producing and non-antibiotic producing strains. However, so far studie...

The optimal design of input prices is analyzed in a simple setting where the regulator has limited knowledge of efficient production costs. Under some conditions, input prices are optimally set equal to expected efficient production costs, as under the Federal Communications Commission’s TELRIC pricing policy in the U.S. telecommunications industry. More generally, input prices optimally reflec...

IT management focuses on planning and developing new IT solutions. The importance of production (operation, support, maintenance) and further development of existing solutions is often neglected, although these tasks are responsible for the majority of today’s IT costs. The paper presents the results of a survey of the life cycle costs of 30 IT application systems. Within the survey, the distri...