Perspectives Securing access to medicines and other health technologies in developing countries continues to be among the major challenges for global health. The challenge lies in ensuring that existing health products are delivered at affordable prices and that innovations and discoveries meet the health needs of developing countries. This policy problem calls for both global and national poli...

the main purpose of this study was to measure the level of technical efficiency of sugar beet producers and determination of factors affecting it. a sample of 144 producers in the main sugar beet growing areas of hamedan, nahavand, malayer and asadabad were selected by two stage cluster sampling method. data were collected through interviews during farming year of 2001-2002.technical efficiency...

the increase of reproduction performance is one of the critical factors for improving economic achievement and sustaining small and middle scale livestock producing. for this to happen, participatory research and extension programs should be implemented with the help of livestock producers. in the present study, the knowledge and attitudes of target livestock producers of ewe estrous synchroniz...

This paper tries to analyze the impacts of intermediate goods trade on production, consumption, investment, net exports, employment, labor wage and capital rent of Iran in its bilateral trade relations with China. This analysis has been done by modeling, solving and calibrating an international real business cycles (IRBC) model in period 1980-2009. The results show that when elasticity of subst...

in order to study the effective factors in sugar beet production, evaluation of technical, allocative and economical efficiency of sugar beet producers in bardsir city, 150 sugar beet producers were questioned by classified method. data were collected through questionnaire forms filled by producers in 2004-05. the stochastic frontier production and cost function method were used to analyze the ...

Industry revenue for online games is surging. A unique phenomenon in this market is the significant volume of trade among game users, who exchange real money for virtual goods that do not exist in the real world. The market of virtual goods has two distinctive characteristics: 1) the resold virtual items normally involve no quality loss since the attributes are digitally defined, and 2) the gam...

We study the problem of allocating a set of indivisible items to players having additive utility functions over the items. We consider allocations in which no player envies the bundle of items allocated to the other players too much. We present a simple proof that deterministic truthful allocations do not minimize envy by characterizing the truthful mechanisms for two players and two items. Als...

In this account of the history of voting-power measurement, we confine ourselves to the concept of a priori voting power. We show how the concept was re-invented several times and how the circumstances in which it was reinvented led to conceptual confusion as to the true meaning of what is being measured. In particular, power-as-influence was conflated with value in the sense of transferable ut...