ABST RACT The objective of this immunohistochemical study was to examine the expression of caspase-3,-5,-7, and -9 in sheep pox lesions in 15 naturally infected crossbred merino lambs. Sheep pox was diagnosed based on typical gross and histopathological lesions in the skin and visceral organs that were evaluated pathologically and immunohistochemically. Macroscopically, lesions were observed in...

IN 1806, Thomas Jefferson was in his second term of office as the third President of the United States. From his neo-classical mansion of Monticello in Virginia, Jefferson wrote on 14 May a letter to Edward Jenner, congratulating him on his discovery of vaccination which Jefferson helped to promote in the United States. After comparing Jenner's discovery favourably with William Harvey's discove...

The LUX [Light Upon eXtension] is a real-time detection system that can be used for the detection and quantification of pathogens nucleic acids. In this study we used a universal LUX approach, a variation of the LUX detection system, for identifying Orthopoxvirus nucleic acids in real time. This approach enables the design of sequence-specific primer sets in high identity genome sequences. The ...

Sir Hans Sloane's account of inoculation as a means to protect against smallpox followed several earlier articles published in Philosophical Transactions on this procedure. Inoculation (also called 'variolation') involved the introduction of small amounts of infectious material from smallpox vesicles into the skin of healthy subjects, with the goal of inducing mild symptoms that would result in...

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) affects 1:4,000 live births and presents with highly variable phenotype expressivity. In this study, we developed an analytical approach utilizing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and integrative analysis to discover genetic modifiers. Our pipeline combined available tools in order to prioritize rare, predicted deleterious, coding and noncoding single-nucleo...

Schizophrenia is a complex biological disorder with multifactorial mode of transmission where non-genetic determinants are also play important role. It is now clear that it involves combined effect of many genes, each conferring a small increase in liability to the illness. Thus no causal disease genes or single gene of major effects, only susceptible genes are operating. Given this complexity,...