Goal creation is an important consideration for an agent that is required to behave autonomously in a real-world domain. This paper describes an agent that is directed, not by a conjunction of top level goals, but by a set of motives. The agent is motivated to create and prioritise different goals at different times as a part of an on-going activity under changing circumstances. Goals can be cr...

Abstract Does a firm's layoff announcement elicit negative or positive reaction from its stock investors? The extant empirical evidence on this question is mixed. authors' meta‐analysis of 34,594 announcements taken 126 samples featured in 78 studies reports that the average investor significantly (effect size −0.549). Next, authors use signaling theory—specifically, characteristics signal, sig...

While significant heritability for childhood aggression has been claimed, it is not known whether there are differential genetic and environmental contributions to proactive and reactive forms of aggression in children. This study quantifies genetic and environmental contributions to these two forms of aggression in an ethnically diverse urban sample of 9-10 year old twins (N = 1219), and compa...

Students enter classes with mobile devices and use them for learning; however, these are also distracting devices. Some teacher educators display positive attitudes; others display negative attitudes, depending on their perception of the advantages and disadvantages of mobile technology for learning. This paper represents findings of a study that examined teacher educators’ attitudes towards th...

Previous proactivity research has predominantly assumed that proactive personality generates positive environmental changes in the workplace. Grounded in recent research on personality development from a broad interactionist theoretical approach, the present article investigates whether work characteristics, including job demands, job control, social support from supervisors and coworkers, and ...

innovation strategy is the basis of success in innovation and performance improvement. this paper represents a model related to the most important innovation strategies which have a significant impact on performance of industries. then, it examines the relationships between innovation strategies and diversity and development of the performance. so, the empirical research was carried out in iran...

The major objective of this mixed methods research, which considered elements of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches, was to examine the effect of two different types of focus on form instruction, namely proactive and reactive across multimodal vs. traditional input settings on Iranian EFL learners' comprehension and production of modal auxiliaries. The participants of the stu...