Consumption Expenditure Of the four components of aggregate demand, consumption expenditure C is the largest contributing to between 60% and 70% of total expenditure. For this reason, we often start our analysis with this particular component. This category of expenditure includes private spending on durable goods (automobiles, electronic goods, appliances, ... ), non-durable goods (food, cloth...

Under the standard Taylor rule, the demand shocks (such as positive government spending shock or positive export shock) actually ‘crowd out’ private consumption by lowering household disposable income. However, under interest rate peg policy, this kind of demand shocks could actually ‘crowd in’ private consumption. What we mean by ‘crowd in’ effect of the positive demand shocks are that these s...

cooperation of all health sectors and early diagnosis of the disease are the key factors for controlling tuberculosis. this study assesses the patterns of reported tuberculosis cases in iran.this was a cross sectional study. tuberculosis cases were defined according to world health organization and iran's national tb guidelines. final data were prepared for analysis using spss16 software.public...

Which types of governance indicators matter the most for private investment? This short paper answers the question by examining the impact of specific governance indicators on private investment in a cross-section of developing economies. Results indicate that an effective government that includes competent and independent civil service and credible governmental policies are positively associat...

there has been no research so far conducted on the financial participation of the private sector in iran’s industrial development during the last three decades. the present research has been carried out through documentary, survey and field methods. the participants were a sample of 146 private firm owners. previous studies have indicated that during the first decade after the islamic revolutio...

agricultural experts in the field of biotechnology in iran were surveyed in order to explore theirperception about factors affecting the partnership between public and private sector indeveloping agricultural biotechnology. the research population included agriculturalbiotechnology experts in the public and private sectors (n=66). a series of in-depth interviewswere conducted with some biotechn...

Since it has been discovered in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Oil has played an important and growing role in the economy of Saudi Arabia. And because the Kingdom is a major Oil exporting country in the World, Its income level has increased manyfold. The injection of this increased income into the domestic economy created demand for new goods and services. Hence, a new pattern of consumption eme...