Eukaryotic tRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus and need to be exported to the cytoplasm where they function in translation. tRNA export is mediated by exportin-t, which binds tRNA directly and with high affinity. tRNAs are initially synthesized as precursor molecules. Maturation to functional tRNA takes place in the nucleus, precedes export, and includes trimming of the 5' and 3' ends, posttra...

In the absence of landmark proteins, hyphae of Aspergillus nidulans lose their direction of growth and show a zigzag growth pattern. Here, we show that the cell-end marker protein TeaA is important for localizing the growth machinery at hyphal tips. The central position of TeaA at the tip correlated with the convergence of the microtubule (MT) ends to a single point. Conversely, in the absence ...

Backend dielectric breakdown degrades the reliability of circuits. A methodology to estimate chip lifetime due to backend dielectric breakdown is presented. It incorporates failures due to parallel tracks, the width effect, field enhancement due to line ends, and variation in activity and temperature. Different workloads are considered as well, in order to evaluate aging effects in microprocess...

Nowadays, current commercial and academic platforms for developing spoken dialogue applications lack of acceleration strategies based on using heuristic information from the contents or structure of the backend database in order to speed up the definition of the dialogue flow. In this paper we describe our attempts to take advantage of these information sources using the following strategies: t...

A digital telco approach can provide operators with the agility required to thrive in the Networked Society. This approach requires a transformation of both the front end and back end of an operator’s business. Applying Enterprise Architecture principles results in six key steps operators should take to bridge the gap between business, IT and networks and thereby secure an effective transformat...

Backend dielectric breakdown is one of the major sources of wearout for microprocessors. We present test data and a methodology to accurately estimate the lifetime for a microprocessor system due to backend dielectric breakdown. Our methodology incorporates activity in the nets surrounding each dielectric segment in the layout, temperature, and all layout spacings among parallel tracks. We anal...

We propose an OT-theoretic typology of vowel harmony systems based on a comparative study of front/back harmony. Harmony processes are governed by a general constraint that imposes feature agreement on neighboring segments. Disharmonic (“neutral”) segments arise when this constraint is dominated by markedness constraints and/or by faithfulness constraints that govern segment inventories. These ...

In this paper we describe a system that allows the user to rapidly construct complex software visualizations over a variety of data sources. The system provides the user with a visual front end that supports the definition of queries over multiple data sources without knowledge of the structure or contents of the sources and with a variety of high-density back end visualizations. It produces a ...