BACKGROUND Although several prognostic factors for traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been evaluated, a useful predictive scoring model for outcome has yet to be developed for TBI patients. The aim of this study was to determine independent predictors and develop a multivariate logistic regression equation to determine prognosis in TBI patients. METHODS A total of 13 different variables were e...

Low power wireless sensor networks provide a new monitoring and control capability for civil and military applications in transportation, manufacturing, biomedical, environmental management, and safety and security systems. Wireless microsensor network nodes, operating at average and peak power levels constrained by compact power sources, offer a range of important challenges for low power meth...

The steady-state zero output of static electric field measuring systems often fluctuates, which is caused mainly by the finite leakage resistance of the water film on the surface of the electric field microsensor package. The water adsorption has been calculated using the Boltzmann distribution equation at various relative humidities for borosilicate glass and polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces. ...

A study was conducted to demonstrate the applications of microcantilevers in biomedical and thermo/fluid fields. The deflection of the microcantilevers due to biomaterial and turbulence effects was highlighted in this work. The novel patented microcantilever assemblies that were presented in this study can increase the signal and decrease the unfavorable deflection due to flow disturbances. Thi...

Nitrate-sensing system that consists of a micromachined sensor substrate, nitrate-permeable membrane, integrated microfluidic channels, and standard fluidic connectors has been designed, fabricated, assembled, and tested. Our microsensor was designed for in-situ monitoring of nitrate concentrations in ground water. A silver electrode was patterned for amperometric nitrate detection. An electroc...

The modeling and fabrication of a magnetic microsensor based on a magneto-transistor were presented. The magnetic sensor is fabricated by the commercial 0.18 mm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process without any post-process. The finite element method (FEM) software Sentaurus TCAD is utilized to analyze the electrical properties and carriers motion path of the magneto-transistor...

The second prototype of a power-aware microsensor node has been developed for the MIT μAMPS project. The improvements from the previous generation include smaller footprint size of the node to facilitate unobtrusive sensing, baseband and slave snap-on modules, additional hardware controls at all levels for precise power manipulation, improvements in the radio performance that allow for transmis...

A micro system for measuring the relative displacements between a bone and an implant in a prosthetic hip of a human being has been realized. Novel are the small dimensions of the system combined with the possibility to measure relative displacements in three directions. The system consists of a microsensor body, a mechanical transducer element made by precision mechanics, electronics, and the ...

Microfabrication processes for chemical and biochemical sensors are reviewed. Standard processing steps originating from semiconductor technology are detailed, and specific micromachining steps to fabricate three-dimensional mechanical structures are described. Fundamental chemical sensor principles are briefly abstracted and corresponding state-of-the-art examples of microfabricated chemical s...

Amperometric detection of nitric oxide with ISO-NOPMC NO microsensors (WPI) is systemically studied in the six media including seawater. The linear range of the microsensor for NO was from 10 to 10 mol/l and the detection limit was 4.2×10 mol/L(S/N=2). With this method, we provide preliminary evidence that NO production could be a general attribute of marine alga (Haeterosigma akashiwo). Experi...