The structure formation scenario based on gravitational instability has been studied for a long time. The Lagrangian perturbative method for the cosmological fluid describes the nonlinear evolution of density fluctuation rather well. Zel’dovich [1] proposed a linear Lagrangian approximation for dust fluid. This approximation is called the Zel’dovich approximation (ZA) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. ZA des...

The conventional method of measuring environmental sounds according to sound pressure level (SPL) alone is not adequate for a qualitative evaluation of environmental sounds. To improve such evaluation, we measured the power spectra of various environmental sounds and their fluctuation in a microtemporal domain of several milliseconds using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis and the maximum e...

BACKGROUND Radial artery (RA) pulse diagnosis has been used in traditional Asian medicine. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate related to heart rate variability (HRV) can be monitored via the RA. The fluctuation in these parameters has been assessed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analytical methods that calculate power spectra. METHODS We measured blood flow volume (Volume) in the RA and e...

The large degree of phenotypic fluctuation among isogenic cells highlighted by recent studies on stochastic gene expression confers fitness on some individuals through a 'bet-hedging' strategy, when faced with different selective environments. Under a single selective environment, the fluctuation may be suppressed through evolution, as it prevents maintenance of individuals around the fittest s...

AIM To evaluate the clinical applicability of the water-drinking test in treatment-naive primary open-angle glaucoma patients. METHODS Twenty newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this prospective study. The water-drinking test was performed at baseline and 6 weeks and 3 months after prostaglandin analog treatment. Peak and fluctuation o...

PURPOSE To document the continuous circadian intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation using a contact lens sensor during normal daily activities, and to study the relationship between IOP fluctuation and disease progression in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. METHODS Circadian IOP fluctuations were recorded by Sensimed Triggerfish sensors in 25 PACG eyes. The sensor output signals we...

A Lagrangian-Eulerian numerical scheme for the investigation of bubble motion in turbulent flow is developed. The flow is analyzed in the Eulerian reference frame while the bubble motion is simulated in the Lagrangian one. Finite volume scheme is used, and SIMPLEC algorithm is utilized for the pressure and velocity linkage. The Reynolds stresses are modeled by the RSTM model of Launder. Upwind ...

Positive-pressure ventilation alters stroke volume by transiently increasing intrathoracic pressure and thereby decreasing preload. This phasic variation in stroke volume results in a cyclic fluctuation in arterial pressure with a phase length equal to the respiratory rate. Measuring ventilation-induced arterial pressure variation allows the clinician to predict the cardiovascular response to c...

We discuss the possibility of weak first order transition in the domain of pressure induced phase transitions in quantum paraelectrics as a consequence of the coupling between strain and order parameter fluctuations. We start with a semimicroscopic Hamiltonian, where paraelectric(optical mode) fluctuations are controlled by hydrostatic pressure via strain coupling, which above certain strength ...