In a 1998 survey of New York metropolitan area anesthesiologists, surgeons, and cardiologists, the three specialties were in general agreement that important purposes of a cardiology consultation are to treat an inadequately treated cardiac condition before surgery (e.g., unstable angina or congestive heart failure [CHF]), to provide data to use in anesthesia management (e.g., ischemic threshol...

The optimal management of localised oesophageal cancer remains controversial. Indeed, currently utilised strategies are clearly unsatisfactory, given that most randomised trials report overall 5-year survivals of 20% or less for patients undergoing surgical resection. The rationale behind preoperative chemotherapy is two-fold: (i) to downstage or downsize the primary tumour in order to ensure c...

Preoperative assessment of an echinococcal liver cyst with surrounding tissue structures is extremely important for planning the course surgical intervention. The paper presents first experience treating a patient parasitic using three-dimensional reconstruction affected by echinococcus at preoperative stage. use this approach made it possible to avoid development intraoperative complications a...

Localization of cortical activity is important in surgical planning for the approach and treatment of neoplasms, vascular malformations, and epilepsy (1). At present direct physiologic assessment (using intraoperative stimulation or recording techniques) is necessary to accurately identify cortical function because direct visual anatomical identification may be inaccurate (1-4). The accuracy of...