Though not often addressed as a moral issue, the incomes of physicians and other health professionals are fraught with ethical significance. While there is no perfect means of determining appropriate income level, possible approaches include market worth, comparable worth, societal worth, and fairness. In fact, however, income is not the only reward that makes a medical career worthwhile, and a...

OBJECTIVE Public attitudes toward mental illness in two widely disparate cultures, Canada and Cameroon, were compared using an experimental version of a survey instrument, the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Mental Illness or POSHA-MI(e). METHOD 120 respondents rated POSHA-MI(e) items relating to mental illness on 1-9 equal appearing interval scales: 30 in English and 30 in French i...

Aims: To further test whether the baclofen-induced suppression of motivation to consume alcohol in animals could be transposed to humans. Methods: A patient who had neither tolerated nor benefited from other alcohol treatment modalities was put on trial with baclofen on a dosage up to 140 mg/day.Results: The patient reported dramatic reduction in cravings for and preoccupation with alcohol. Con...

This paper examines agency as a mechanism that can predict cultural differences in human motivation. In elaborating on the theory of self-construal (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) and drawing on past research on culture, we propose that people from cultures stressing independence are more personally agentic, whereas people from cultures stressing interdependence are more collectively agentic—which re...

Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) has been shown to be an useful and cost effective intervention that increases cognition and quality of life of people with mild to moderate dementia. It is increasing in popularity in the UK and worldwide, and a number of research teams have examined its effectiveness in other contexts and cultures. However, it is necessary to develop clear evidence-based gui...

This paper describes a study to investigate to what extent the use of sensitizing techniques can help children design a serious game for a surrogate population. In total 25 children aged 7. 8. and 9 from a UK primary participated in three design activities. The first session was intended to inform (sensitize) the children about life in rural China. The second session briefly taught the children...

In this study, we examined in vitro the role of CTLA-4 costimulation in the polarization of naive CD4+ T cells toward the Th1 subset. When CTLA-4 costimulation was blocked by the inclusion of anti-CTLA-4 Fab in cultures during priming of naive CD4+ T cells with anti-CD3 in the presence of splenic adherent cells, they were polarized toward the Th2 subset. Conversely, the engagement of CTLA-4 wit...