4D ultrasound is used for imaging various parts of the body such as the breast, prostate and abdomen, and in particular for pediatric imaging, obstetrics and gynecology, needle placement in biopsy and in cardiology for the diagnosis of heart disease (echocardiography). Most of the recent media attention on 4D ultrasound has focused on its use in prenatal diagnosis, and this application is the s...

Two cases of fetal abdominal masses were discovered in utero by real-time ultrasound. They were diagnosed as follicle ovarian cysts and multicystic kidney in the early days of life. Ultrasound should be used on all pregnant women in the second trimester, not only for assessment of fetal growth and placental position, but also for prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformation and fetal abdominal mass...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It is possible that not all women would want the disclosure of fetal gender by the sonologist during a prenatal scan. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of women who do not want fetal gender disclosure at the time of prenatal ultrasonography and document their reasons. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of women that were 20 weeks or more pregnant...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of prenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia (EA) and its associated abnormalities. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study from a pediatric database of EA managed postnatally in a single center. Prenatal data included ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging parameters including amniotic fluid (AF) volume, stomach visualizati...

The accuracy of prenatal diagnosis for abnormal chromosome diseases by chromosome microarray technology and karyotyping were compared. A literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE database with the keywords "chromosome" and "karyotype" and "genetic testing" and "prenatal diagnosis" and "oligonucleotide array sequence". The studies obtained were filtered by using the QUADAS tool, and studi...

Objective: Upper extremity anomalies (UEA) occur when there is an interruption in the normal process of embryonic limb development. The prenatal diagnosis of an UEA may impact the decision to deliver or terminate the pregnancy. We sought to elucidate factors associated with pregnancy outcome in the setting of a known UEA. Methods: We reviewed electronic medical records at three affiliated hospi...

Prenatal care is more than just health care in pregnancy. For the vast majority of women, pregnancy follows a routine course. Some women, however, have medical difficulties related to their health or the health of their baby. These women experience what is called a high-risk pregnancy. A pregnancy may be considered high-risk for a variety of reasons. Some of these include: diabetes, preeclampsi...

Spinal dysraphisms are lesions that can be identified at ultrasound screening examination from the second trimester of pregnancy, the majority being localized in the lumbosacral region. We present the case of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of a 18 weeks fetus with cervical open dysraphism, a rare localization of open spinal dysraphisms. The alteration of cerebral normal anatomy was first identi...

A case of prenatally diagnosed otocephaly is reported. Otocephaly is an extremely rare malformation characterized by absence or hypoplasia of the mandible and abnormal horizontal position of the ears. 2D ultrasound performed at 25 weeks of gestation revealed agnathia, proboscis and hypotelorism. 3D ultrasound (rendering mode) and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate the facial featu...

Ultrasound contributes immensely to obstetrics and its application and use is now widespread. The clinical applications and uses of ultrasound include confirmation of pregnancy and multiple gestation, estimation of gestational age, localisation of placenta and monitoring of foetal wellbeing. The others are evaluation of caesarean section scar integrity and post partum haemorrhage. Ultrasound is...