Human erythrocyte glycophorin C plays a functionally important role in maintaining erythrocyte shape and regulating membrane mechanical stability. We report here the characterization of the glycophorins C and D deficiency in erythrocytes of the Leach phenotype. Glycophorin C gene is encoded by 4 exons. Amplification of reticulocyte cDNA from Leach phenotype and normal individuals generated a 14...

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a huge number of sensor nodes that are inadequate in energy, storage and processing power. One of the major tasks of the sensor nodes is the collection of data and forwarding the gathered data to the Base Station (BS). Hence, the network lifetime becomes the major criteria for effective design of the data gathering schemes in WSN. In this paper, an En...

A collection of huge number of a smaller amount of cost, a smaller amount of power as well as multifunctional small intelligent sensors is called as a Wireless Sensor Network(WSN). In these Wireless Sensor Networks, sensor nodes are have an extremely limited power supply. The main aim of this power routing procedure is dangerous for these Wireless Sensor Networks, because the majority of the se...

Designing a protocol stack for wireless sensor network (WSN) is a challenging task due to energy, computational, communication and storage constraints. Energy spent for communication between sensor nodes dominates the energy spent for the computation [1]. Multi-hop short range communication between wireless sensor nodes is energy efficient compared to single-hop long range communication. Hierar...

Energy consumption and security has become a primary concern in a Wireless Sensor Network. In multi-hop communications, nodes that are near a sink tend to become congested as they are responsible for forwarding data from nodes that are farther away. Thus, the closer a sensor node is to a sink, the faster its battery runs out, whereas those farther away may maintain more energy. This leads to no...

It is very difficult and expensive to replace sensor node battery in wireless sensor network in many critical conditions such as bridge supervising, resource exploration in hostile locations, and wildlife safety, etc. The natural choice in such situations is to maximize network lifetime. One such approach is to divide the sensing area of wireless sensor network into clusters to achieve high ene...

Energy efficient communication is significantly important for Wireless Sensor Networks as the energy is a scarce and constrained resource. In this paper, we have proposed a different version of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol called Voronoi LEACH, where the clusters in LEACH are replaced with Voronoi regions. The proposed protocol has better properties for energy effic...

In this paper, comparative analysis of changing the packet interval time on the energy consumption, throughput of the proposed multihop routing protocol and Assisted LEACH protocol is analyzed. Simulation substantiate that varied causes throughput to change alternately and energy consumed is constant for both the protocols. KeywordsAssisted LEACH, multihop routing, packet interval, energy consu...

Fe is an impurity in most leach liquors. Its coexistence with copper in leaching solution of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) which is the most important mineral of copper creates major extraction problems. Hydrochloric acid dissolves both copper and iron during chloride leaching of this mineral. Separation of Fe from Cu is thus necessary to obtain pure copper. This paper presents a novel metho...