Several ANN models were developed to prediction of monthly precipitation data in Mashhad synoptic station. From the total 636 monthly precipitation data (from 1958 to 2008), 580 data has been used for training networks and the rest selected randomly has been used for validation of the models. To extract the precipitation dynamic of this station by ANN, a new approach of three-layer feed-forward...

The Mesoscale Alpine Program (MAP) is a cooperative international effort to improve numerical forecasting of precipitation and circulation patterns over complex terrain (Bougeault et al. 2000). One of the primary objectives is better understanding of the mechanisms of heavy orographic precipitation. An intensive field phase of MAP was held over the European Alps from 7 September 1999 to 15 Nove...

[1] We conducted two laboratory experiments at the meter scale in which water was applied to the top of an initially dry, uncemented wall composed of porous bricks. One experiment (Experiment 1) encouraged evaporation and resulting mineral precipitation, while the other (Experiment 2) was designed to minimize these processes. In both cases, processes acting within the fracture network controlle...

Satellite-based precipitation estimates products, CMORPH and PERSIANN-CCS, were evaluated with a dense rain gauge network over Beijing and adjacent regions for an extremely heavy precipitation event on July 21 2012. CMORPH and PEERSIANN-CSS misplaced the region of greatest rainfall accumulation, and failed to capture the spatial pattern of precipitation, evidenced by a low spatial correlation c...

Linear trends in 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) in California, USA, are determined from a dense network of observations over the period 1950–2002. These trends are compared to concurrent time series of precipitation and temperature and Pacific Ocean climate indices. We find increased winter temperatures have accompanied both decreasing and increasing SWE trends, resulting in a weak overall...

the lack of reliable and updated precipitation datasets is the most important limitation in the study of many climatological and hydrological subjects, including climate change and temporal variability of precipitation in many data sparse areas around the globe. this is particularly valid for iran where vast areas of central-eastern country that host the iranian deserts, suffer from an inadequa...

abstract obligatory modelling of precipitations in various periods, have a lot of problems and weakness because of their casual nature in time and space. moreover, their uncertainty in predictions, reduce credibility of estimations which have done via these models. wavelet is one of the novel and very effective methods in analyzing of time series and signals considered in the hydrology in recen...

abstract recent global warming has led to a change in the global hydrological cycle and an increase in extreme events such as flood and drought at the global and continental scales. however, at the regional scale, the magnitude of warming and the resulting changes in water resources are different from one region to another. unlike air temperature whose increase is evident throughout the world, ...

The resultant calibration parameter values and simulation accuracy of hydrologic models such as the 2005 Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT2005) depend on how well spatial input parameters describe the characteristics of the study area. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effect of soils dataset resolution (State Soil Geographic Database and Soil Survey Geographic Databas...

The complex problem of quantitative precipitation estimation in the Alpine region is tackled from four different points of view: (1) the modern MeteoSwiss network of automatic telemetered rain gauges (GAUGE); (2) the recently upgraded MeteoSwiss dual-polarization Doppler, ground-based weather radar network (RADAR); (3) a real-time merging of GAUGE and RADAR, implemented at MeteoSwiss, in which ...