This paper first analyzed two studies on rater factors and rating criteria to raise the problem of rater agreement. After that the author reveals the causes of discrepencies in rating administration by discussing rater variability and rater bias. The author argues that rater bias can not be eliminated completely, we can only reduce the error to a cetain degree by training raters. The study on r...

Background Namibia faces a chronic shortage of pharmaceutical personnel. The high burden of HIV and AIDS, coupled with increased numbers of patients needing antiretroviral (ARV) services, has further exacerbated this shortage. Skills related to PSM are essential for ensuring continuous availability of essential medicines for public health programs, including HIV and AIDS and TB. Pre-service edu...

In the field of Educational Psychology, consultation is both a core competency to be achieved by end pre-service training and practice that infuses all aspects service delivery post-qualification. The present study aimed explore perspectives university educators on preparing trainee educational psychologists consult, especially following significant systemic change at social-political professio...

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training among school teachers are well known and should be trained well. Meanwhile, Malaysia has yet to galvanise our educators move towards CPR training. This study aimed investigate the efficacy of implementing CELIK handbook enhance knowledge, attitude self-confidence in performing pre-service Malaysia. A quasi-experimental was implemented involving 20 fr...

Background: In-service education is one of the best and major methods to provide, train and improve the performance of the staffs. This study aims to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the virtual trainings from the staffs' perspective of Mashhad University of medical sciences. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study conducted among staffs from different parts of the therapy department ...