Not all memory processes are equally affected by aging. A widely accepted hypothesis is that older adults rely more on familiarity-based processing, typically linked with the perirhinal cortex (PRC), in the context of impaired recollection, linked with the hippocampus (HC). However, according to the dedifferentiation hypothesis, healthy aging reduces the specialization of MTL memory subregions ...

The suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus contain the major circadian pacemaker in mammals, driving circadian rhythms in behavioral and physiological functions. This circadian pacemaker's responsiveness to light allows synchronization to the light-dark cycle. Phase shifting by light often involves several transient cycles in which the behavioral activity rhythm gradually shifts to its stea...

The Policing and Reducing Crime Unit (PRC) was formed in 1998 as a result of the merger of the Police Research Group (PRG) and the Research and Statistics Directorate. PRC Unit is now part of the Research, Development and Statistics Directorate of the Home Office. The PRC Unit carries out and commissions research in the social and management sciences on policing and crime reduction, broadening ...

Phase response curves (PRCs) have become an indispensable tool in understanding the entrainment and synchronization of biological oscillators. However, biological oscillators are often found in large coupled heterogeneous systems and the variable of physiological importance is the collective rhythm resulting from an aggregation of the individual oscillations. To study this phenomena we consider...

Administration of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) in vivo causes acute renal tubular injury and finally induces renal cell carcinoma. There is accumulating evidence that these processes involve free radicals generated by Fe-NTA. To study the mechanism of renal carcinogenesis by Fe-NTA, we attempted to induce malignant transformation of primary cultured renal cells by treatment with Fe-NTA. Wh...

A phase response curve (PRC) characterizes the signal transduction between oscillators such as neurons on a fixed network in a minimal manner, while spike-timing-dependent plasiticity (STDP) characterizes the way of rewiring networks in an activity-dependent manner. This paper demonstrates that these two key properties both related to the interaction times of oscillators work synergetically to ...

On the time-averaging of ultrafine particle number size spectra in vehicular plumes X. Yao, N. T. Lau, M. Fang, and C. K. Chan Institute for the Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PRC Department of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PRC Received: 17 May 2006 – Accepted: 14 July 2...

Porphyrin-based photosynthetic reaction centre (PRC) mimics, ZnPQ-Q2HP-C60 and MP2Q-Q2HP-C60 (M = Zn or 2H), designed to have a similar special-pair electron donor and similar charge-separation distances, redox processes and photochemical reaction rates to those in the natural PRC from purple bacteria, have been synthesised and extensive photochemical studies performed. Mechanisms of electron-t...

Perturbation theory is an important tool in the analysis of oscillators and their response to external stimuli. It is predicated on the assumption that the perturbations in question are “sufficiently weak”, an assumption that is not always valid when perturbative methods are applied. In this paper, we identify a number of concrete dynamical scenarios in which a standard perturbative technique, ...