The present study investigated the pragmatic awareness and production of Iranian Turkish and Persian EFL learners in the speech act of apology. Sixty-eight learners of English studying at several universities in Iran were selected based on simple random sampling as the monolingual and bilingual participants. Data were elicited by means of a written discourse self-assessment/completion test (WDS...

background: pragmatics is appropriate use of language across a variety of social contexts  that  provides accurate interpretation   of   intentions.   the   occurrence    of   the right hemisphere lesions can interfere with pragmatic abilities, and particularly with the processing of nonliteral speech acts. methods: since the objective of this study was to assess different  aspects of pragmatic...

This paper discusses the extension of ViewGen, an algorithm derived for belief ascription, to the areas of speech acts, intensional object representation and metaphor. ViewGen represents the beliefs of agents as explicit, partitioned proposition-sets known as environments. Environments are convenient, even essential, for addressing important pragmatic issues of reasoning. The paper concentrates...

In particular, we argue that what have been claimed to be rules of lexical sense extension operating on lexical items are instead to be accounted for by a process of reference transfer by which the referents of lexical items (and phrases) can be used to refer to related things, as governed by pragmatic rules of conversation and contextual knowledge. By contextual knowledge we include that infor...

Pragmatic measures are important to facilitate implementation and dissemination, address stakeholder issues, and drive quality improvement. This paper proposes necessary and recommended criteria for pragmatic measures, provides examples of projects to develop and identify such measures, addresses potential concerns about these recommendations, and identifies areas for future research and applic...

OBJECTIVE To appraise critically the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the effectiveness of cervical mucus removal before embryo transfer. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. SETTING Assisted reproduction technology (ART) units. PATIENT(S) Women undergoing embryo transfer after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI). I...

This study examined the interpretation of English anaphora by native Spanish speakers and potential transfer pragmatic lexical requirements into English. It further evaluated whether appropriate contextual information might prime preferred such constructions. Pragmatic rules governing co-indexation in constructions differ substantially operate quite differently two languages. require obligatory...