Dorothea Orem, RN, MSN, Ed, FAAN, began to develop foundations for the selfcare deficit theory of nursing in the 1950s, when the curriculums of most nursing education programs were based on conceptual models from medicine, psychology, and sociology. Thus, Orem is a pioneer in the development of distinctive nursing knowledge. The development of the self-care deficit theory of nursing has been de...

A important problem in many areas of complex information processing is to integrate heterogeneous information from different sources. For handwriting recognition we accomplished such an integration through an agent architecture of three co-operating agents. One agent represents the bottom-up knowledge as generated by a shape-based classifier of unistrokes. The second agent contains top-down (sy...

There is an increasing effort in the scientific community to provide suitable methods for the inclusion of uncertainties into mathematical models. One way to do so is to introduce parametric uncertainty by representing the uncertain model parameters as fuzzy numbers [1] and evaluating the model equations by means of Zadeh’s extension principle [2]. The evaluation of this classical formulation o...

This article is a brief review of Ibn Sīnā’s practical philosophy. It begins with a discussion of the Platonic, Aristotelian, and Neo-Platonic influences on Ibn Sīnā’s practical philosophy, as well as the influence of Fārābī and of Islamic religious teachings. The creative synthesis invented by Ibn Sīnā requires a particular view of the relation between religion and philosophy in such a manner ...

This article is intended to highlight the linguistic principle proposed by anthropological linguists, “Language a mirror of culture.” The purpose study attempts explore foreign language teaching and learning from perspective shapes thought improve through cross cross-cultural communication. first part this article, principle, reflected in Sapir–Whorf hypothesis or Whorfian briefly highlighted. ...

When beamforming is applied for acoustic source mapping, the sound pressure contributions of any sound sources are most often mapped to a planar or a surface map. However, some practical applications would benefit from a three-dimensional mapping, where the map consists of a three-dimensional grid. It is shown that the extension of microphone array beamforming techniques to three-dimensional ma...

Valuations are ubiquitous. We may be for or against genetically modified food; we find some politicians irresponsible; we prefer Beethoven to rock ‘n’ roll or vice versa; some enjoy bird-watching while others find it boring; and we may think that we have to tighten up on green-house gas emissions. Valuing is pervasive and often we are not even aware that we are valuing. However, many of our val...

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