The main objective of this chapter is to explore new approaches to policy for poverty reduction, given the major trends in the international and regional economies, particularly globalization, the need to generate new growth, and the shift from state-sponsored to market-oriented development strategies. The literature abounds with poverty studies that contain concepts, measurements, determinants...

Poverty reduction, as an overarching objective of development, has recently been adopted as an international development goal (IDG). Using the proportion of people living on less than one dollar a day per person as the measure of poverty, the international community identified the reduction of poverty by half by the year 2015 as an international development goal. The one-dollar a day per person...

The aim of this study is to investigate the pre and post reform poverty reduction in Pakistan. A consistent time series of poverty estimates from 1964-2006 has been developed in order to facilitate the analysis of poverty trends, together with data on income inequality. This research has attempted to analyze Pakistan’s poverty and inequality statistics in terms of pro-poor growth scenarios. The...

1. Poverty reduction is the central goal of the Government’s medium-term economic program. This commitment is expressed in many policy documents, including the Programa do Governo para 2000-2004, the Government Document to the Consultative Group, the Interim Policy Reduction Strategy Paper (I-PRSP), and the Plano de Acção para Redução da Pobreza Absoluta 2000-2004 (PARPA). The focus on poverty ...

The paper provides an overview and assessment of an emerging literature on the psychology and behavioural economics of poverty. We particularly highlight poverty experiences, role of neighbourhoods, poverty dynamics and transmission, child poverty and disability and personal finance. In addition we consider psychology and policy responses by looking and autonomy and empowerment, and poverty red...

Since the adoption of the Doi Moi (renovation) policy, the Vietnamese economy has continued to register high growth in the transition to a market-oriented economy. As a result, poverty incidence decreased from 58% in 1993 to 29% in 2002. Still, a large number of people are living at the near-poverty level. As the majority of them depend on unstable income from farming, they are vulnerable to na...

In this note we approach the question of relative poverty from a different angle. Fixing the poverty line, we ask: What is the extent of poverty relative to the resources available in the society to eradicate it? We argue that the same level of poverty is “worse” if the resources available to address it are greater. We characterize a class of indices that measure Poverty Reduction Failure and p...

Over one billion people — one-fifth of the world’s population — live in abject poverty, and most are in rural areas. No country is likely to reduce poverty and improve the general well-being of its citizens without addressing the roots of rural poverty. Fully understanding rural poverty and defining an effective poverty reduction strategy are preconditions for public action to reduce deprivatio...

• Although states with rebounding economies have experienced, on average, larger declines in poverty, this economic effect accounts for only a minority of the statelevel change in poverty (since the recession). There is much that is known about poverty in the United States. It is well known that the United States has more poverty than most other equally well-off countries.1 It is well known tha...