نتایج جستجو برای: potentiation
تعداد نتایج: 15792 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The molecular mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation in the hippocampus have received much attention because of the likely functional importance of synaptic plasticity for information storage and the development of neuronal connectivity. Surprisingly, it remains unclear whether activity modifies the strength of individual synapses in a digital (all-or-none) or analog (graded) manner. Here...
A link between long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory has been supported by learning defects following treatments that impair LTP. Important new evidence for the link comes from mutant mice lacking the nociceptin receptor, which show improved learning and memory accompanied by enhanced LTP.
Multiple interlinked positive feedback loops shape the stimulus responses of various biochemical systems, such as the cell cycle or intracellular Ca2+ release. Recent studies with simplified models have identified two advantages of coupling fast and slow feedback loops. This dual-time structure enables a fast response while enhancing resistances of responses and bistability to stimulus noise. W...
A novel property of hippocampal LTP, 'variable persistence', has recently been described that is, we argue, relevant to the role of LTP in information storage. Specifically, new results indicate that a particular pattern of synaptic activation can give rise, either to a relatively short-lasting LTP, or to a longer-lasting LTP as a function of the history of activation of the neuron. This has le...
Cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory were investigated in the octopus using a brain slice preparation of the vertical lobe, an area of the octopus brain involved in learning and memory. Field potential recordings revealed long-term potentiation (LTP) of glutamatergic synaptic field potentials similar to that in vertebrates. These findings suggest that convergent evolution has led ...
Inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyRs) are mainly expressed in the spinal cord and in the midbrain, where they control motor and sensory pathways. We describe here a fast potentiation of GlyR by intracellular Ca2+. This phenomenon was observed in rat spinal cord neurons and in transfected human cell lines. Potentiation develops in <100 ms, is proportional to Ca2+ influx, and is characterized by a...
During embryogenesis, brain neurons receiving the same sensory input may undergo potentiation or depression. While the origin of variable plasticity in vivo is unknown, it plays a key role in shaping dynamic neural circuit refinement. Here, we investigate effects of natural visual stimuli on neuronal firing within the intact, awake, developing brain using calcium imaging of 100 s of central neu...
Although patients with Parkinson's disease show impairments in cognitive performance even at the early stage of the disease, the synaptic mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in this pathology are unknown. Hippocampal long-term potentiation represents the major experimental model for the synaptic changes underlying learning and memory and is controlled by endogenous dopamine. We found tha...
Learning in humans and animals is accompanied by a penumbra: Learning one task benefits from learning an unrelated task shortly before or after. At the cellular level, the penumbra of learning appears when weak potentiation of one synapse is amplified by strong potentiation of another synapse on the same neuron during a critical time window. Weak potentiation sets a molecular tag that enables t...
Abstract A cognate antigen engagement of TCR induces a conformation change in the CD3 complex (CD3Δc) that is required for productive T cell activation. CD3Δc fails when TCRs interact with poorly immunogenic antigens, like many tumor-associated-antigens (TAAs), which do not active cells. Anti-CD3 monovalent Fab fragments (Mono-Fabs) bound to mimic CD3Δc, producing “co-potentiation” associated w...
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