Minkowski dimension is one of the most widely used dimensions. Its popularity is largely due to its relative ease of mathematical calculation. The definition goes back at least to the 1930’s and it has been variously termed Kolmogorov entropy, metric dimension, information dimension, ... etc. Let F be any non-empty bounded subset of R and let Nγ(F ) be the smallest number of sets of diameter at...

Potency tests are designed to determine how much of an active drug is in a sample. Stability tests are used to determine an expiration date of a product or a beyond-use date of a preparation. Being able to employ the proper method to determine potency or stability is the key to understanding the difference between potency testing versus stability testing. In order to determine potency, a method...

This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): February 22, 2013 www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as ...

The development of reliable and clinically relevant potency assays is essential to the practice of safe and effective allergen-specific immunotherapy. Allergen standardization in the United States is based on the establishment of a national reference assigned with a biological potency unit to which manufacturers' products are compared using validated relative potency assays. This ensures, at le...

The ideal antihistamine would optimize both receptor and clinical pharmacology, combining high receptor affinity, reflected by high potency, with outstanding clinical efficacy. Because the basic concepts of potency and efficacy are often confused and used interchangeably within the scientific and pharmaceutical industry, the distinction between these 2 terms must be understood in order for them...

IN an extensive literature on epidural analgesia there appears to be some difference of opinion as to the intensity of nerve block produced by different drugs, perhaps partly attributable to the fact that many patients are given light narcosis in addition to nerve block, nowadays, which may conceal differences of drug action. In quoting a few of the many authorities, the following drugs are lis...

Let $(R, m)$ be a commutative noetherian local ring and let $Gamma$ be a finite group. It is proved that if $R$ admits a dualizing module, then the group ring $Rga$ has a dualizing bimodule as well. Moreover, it is shown that a finitely generated $Rga$-module $M$ has generalized Gorenstein dimension zero if and only if it has generalized Gorenstein dimension zero as an $R$-module.

Attempts were made to establish an authentic method for assay of the antilethal potency of Habu antivenine. In spite of its wide use the expression of the antivenine potency in •ganimal nimal unit•h is not reasonable. The expression of the antivenine potency as the relative potency is not valid either so far as a crude venom is used as test toxin, since the neutralization curves of various anti...

In this paper we investigate the algebraic properties of dimension of fuzzy hypervector spaces. Also, we prove that two isomorphic fuzzy hypervector spaces have the same dimension.