Muslims all over the world fast in the holy month of Ramadan. Fasting means abstinence from drinking any liquids, eating, smoking and taking anything parenterally.  It is intermittent in nature from the start of dawn to end at dusk. Fasting has various physiological effects on different biological parameters of the human body. Previous studies that look at effect of Ramadan fasting on blood pre...

Alterations in fish developmental trajectories occur response to genetic and environmental changes, especially during sensitive periods of development (critical windows). Embryos larvae Atractosteus tropicus were used as a model study survival, growth, function temperature (28 °C control, 33 °C, 36 °C), salinity (0.0 ppt 4.0 ppt, 6.0 ppt), air saturation (control ~95% saturation, hypoxia ~30% h...

muslims all over the world fast in the holy month of ramadan. fasting means abstinence from drinking any liquids, eating, smoking and taking anything parenterally.  it is intermittent in nature from the start of dawn to end at dusk. fasting has various physiological effects on different biological parameters of the human body. previous studies that look at effect of ramadan fasting on blood pre...

Early life stages of rainbow trout were exposed to 0, 0.1 and 1 microg/L Ag (as AgNO(3)) in very soft water (2mg/L CaCO(3)), moderately hard water (150 mg/L CaCO(3)) and hard water (400mg/L CaCO(3)) of low dissolved organic carbon concentration (0.5mg C/L) from fertilization to swim-up (64 days) under flow-through conditions, and monitored for whole embryo/larval silver accumulation, Na(+) and ...

In-vitro methods were developed to test fungi for production of metabolites affecting nematode egg hatch and mobility of second-stage juveniles. Separate assays were developed for two nematodes: root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). For egg hatch to be successfully assayed, eggs must first be surface-disinfested to avoid the confounding effe...

A total of 420 fertile broiler eggs (Cobb) with uniform egg weight were collected and divided into three groups: non-injected control, injected control (0.5 ml of 0.9% normal saline) and arginine (0.5 ml of 0.5% arginine); and injected on 18 day (d) of incubation into amnion. On the 21 d, 108 chicks were randomly selected from each treatment totaling to 324 chicks. The hatchability, hatch weigh...

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that can cause embryotoxicty at levels 7-30 times above essential concentrations. Exposure to hypersaline conditions and 50 μM selenomethionine (SeMet) decreased embryo hatch and depleted glutathione in Japanese medaka embryos without affecting Se accumulation. To better understand the impacts of nonchemical stressors on developmental toxicity of Se i...

Based on studies from the poultry literature, all birds are hypothesized to require at least 4 weeks to develop circulating mature B-cell lineages that express functionally different immunoglobulin specificities. However, many altricial passerines fledge at adult size less than four weeks after the start of embryonic development, and therefore may experience a period of susceptibility during th...

Exposing eggs multiple times to ultraviolet light (UV) and 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) results in a greater reduction of eggshell bacteria compared to eggs treated only once with this combination. However, it is unknown if this repetitive treatment will have any effect on hatchability. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine if hatchability would be affected by reducing egg...