PURPOSE To asses the functional results and complications of Mersilene mesh as an alternative to autogenous fascia lata in the management of low function ptosis. METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, 31 eyelids with poor levator function were operated on. In 16 eyelids Mersilene mesh (Group A) and in 15 eyelids autogenous fascia lata were used for frontalis suspension procedure (Group B). ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of prolapse associated with levator avulsion injury among a urogynaecological clinic population. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary urogynaecological unit. SAMPLE A total of 934 women seen for interview, examination using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) staging system and imaging of the levator ani muscle by four-dime...

Amongst the endocrine glands, thyroid gland is well known for its developmental anomalies, which range from common to rare ones. The presence of levator glandulae thyroideae and its anatomical variations gain importance in the pathologies which are related to thyroid gland and their treatment modalities. Levator glandulae thyroideae is a fibromuscular band. If it is present, it is usually seen ...

AIMS The study aimed to: a) determine reliability of an instrumented speculum designed for measuring intravaginal closure pressure, and b) compare findings with a comparable device reported in the literature. The goal of these new devices is to reduce subjectivity, improve precision, and acknowledge reliability issues in quantifying levator ani closure force acting on the vagina. METHODS The ...

AIMS Functional tests have demonstrated minimal loss of vaginal closure force with age. So we tested the null hypotheses that age neither affects the maximum cross-sectional area (CSA) nor the volume of the levator muscle. Corresponding hypotheses were also tested in the adjacent obturator internus muscle, which served as a control for the effect of age on appendicular muscle in these women. ...

The anatomic structures in the female that prevent incontinence and genital organ prolapse on increases in abdominal pressure during daily activities include sphincteric and supportive systems. In the urethra, the action of the vesical neck and urethral sphincteric mechanisms maintains urethral closure pressure above bladder pressure. Decreases in the number of striated muscle fibers of the sph...

OBJECTIVE To develop a three-dimensional computer model to predict levator ani muscle stretch during vaginal birth. METHODS Serial magnetic resonance images from a healthy nulliparous 34-year-old woman, published anatomic data, and engineering graphics software were used to construct a structural model of the levator ani muscles along with related passive tissues. The model was used to quanti...

OBJECTIVE We report on the comparative 3-dimensional (3D) living female pelvic floor geometry in five women, comparing the volume, morphology, and integrity of the levator sling, and pelvic anatomic relationships among study subjects. METHODS Five women of varying ages, parity, continence, and prolapse status were studied. Two-dimensional (2D) imaging of the pelvic floor organs was performed ...