PURPOSE After a century, cheiro-oral syndrome (COS) was harangued and emphasized for its localizing value and benign course in recent two decades. However, an expanding body of case series challenged when COS may arise from an involvement of ascending sensory pathways between cortex and pons and terminate into poor outcome occasionally. MATERIALS AND METHODS To analyze the location, underlyin...

Transcription factors of the Nuclear Factor I (Nfi) family are important for the development of specific neuronal and glial populations in the nervous system. One such population, the neurons of the basilar pontine nuclei, expresses high levels of Nfi proteins, and the pontine nuclei are greatly reduced in mice lacking a functional Nfib gene. Pontine neurons, along with other precerebellar neur...

It is rare for low-grade gliomas to disseminate to the leptomeninges. However, low-grade gliomas with dissemination to the leptomeninges have been occasionally reported in children, and have generally been associated with local recurrence. A 16-year-old boy sought evaluation for diplopia and gait disturbance. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed pontine mass, which was proved to be...

BACKGROUND Bilateral and isolated abducens nerve palsy is a rare initial presentation after aneurysms rupture. Several possible mechanisms including intracranial hypertension have been purposed. To date, there have been no reports with objective measurements to demonstrate the relationship between intracranial pressure and isolated abducens palsy in the setting of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage ...

RATIONALE We report on a stroke patient who showed change of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) concurrent with recovery from a vegetative state (VS) to a minimally conscious state (MCS), which was demonstrated on diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). PATIENT CONCERNS A 59-year-old male patient underwent CT-guided stereotactic drainage 3 times for management of intracerebral hemo...

STUDY OBJECTIVES The cholinergic model of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has contributed significantly to understanding sleep neurobiology and sleep-dependent respiratory depression. The model has been used extensively in cat and rat, but no previous studies have demonstrated cholinergic REM sleep enhancement in mouse. The present study used microinjection of neostigmine into pontine reticular ...

Central pontine myelinolysis is a demyelinating affection of central pons diagnosed on the basis of characteristic MRI finding in an appropriate clinical setting. The condition has been described as universally fatal; however, recent reports of recovery have been documented. We report a case of central pontine and extra pontine myelinolysis, which presented with parkinsonian features apart from...

The contributions of cell-cell interactions to the establishment of specific patterns of innervation within target brain regions are not known. To provide an experimental analysis of the regulation of afferent axonal growth, we have developed an in vitro assay system, based on the developing mouse cerebellum, in which afferent axons from a brainstem source of mossy fiber afferents, the basilar ...