Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications were prepared from a graft-copolymer (PSF-g-PSSA) consisting of a polysulfone (PSF) main chain and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) side chains with various average distances between side chains (Lav) and side chain lengths (Lsc). The polymers were synthesized by grafting ethyl p-styrenesulfonate (EtSS) on ...

A method based on fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) was developed to investigate the membrane fouling behavior of streams containing dissolved wood components and small particles extracted using a mild steam explosion pretreatment. Industrially chipped softwood subjected saturated at 7 bar for 20 min, followed by cross-flow filtration liquors 10 kDa polysulfone membranes 2 transmembrane pressure. The...

Exposure to high levels of heavy metals exerts serious health hazards humankind. It is, hence, imperative limit exposure by avoiding their consumption, direct or indirect, and appropriately disposing items that may contain metals. To explore removal efficacy, montmorillonite (MMT), a type clay, was prepared at varying dosages (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 wt%) fabricate polysulfone mixed matrix membranes for ...

The desalination of seawater using reverse osmosis membranes is an attractive solution to global freshwater scarcity. However, membrane performance reduced by (bio)fouling. Membrane autopsies are essential for identifying the type fouling material, and applying corrective measures minimize fouling. Information from full-scale guiding improved plant operations scant in formal literature. In this...