Background: Androgens have an anti-proliferative effect on endometrial cells. Human androgen receptor (AR) gene contains two polymorphic short tandem repeats of GGC and CAG, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism on exon 1 that is recognized by the restriction enzyme, StuI. Prior studies have shown that the lengths of the CAG and GGC repeats are inversely and linearly related to AR activity and a...

interferon- gamma (ifn- γ) is an important immune regulator and inflammatory cytokine which is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (ms). a single nucleotide polymorphism, t to a, at position +874 in the first intron has previously been shown. this polymorphism is associated with ifn- γ production level. to study the effect of this polymorphism on susceptibility to multiple scle...

We present an expressive information-flow control type system with recursive types, existential label polymorphism, and impredicative polymorphism for a higher-order programming language state. give novel semantic model of this show that well-typed programs satisfy termination-insensitive noninterference. Our approach supports compositional integration syntactically ill-typed---but semantically...

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mediates a large range of processes, and abnormality in the production of NO has been implicated in diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN). G894T polymorphism in the eNOS gene has been shown to decreased activity the NO levels of plasma. The association between eNOS Glu298Asp gene polymorphism and DN ri...

molecular genetics selection on individual genes is a promising method to genetically improve economically important traits in livestock. the insulin like growth factor-i (igf-i) gene may play important roles in growth of multiple tissues, including muscle cells, cartilage and bone. the objectives of the present study were the estimate the haplotype frequencies of the igf-i gene polymorphisms i...

background: several methods have been developed for detection of sequence variation in genes and each has its advantages and disadvantages. a disadvantage of them is that the simpler, cost-effective methods are commonly perceived as being less sensitive in their detection of sequence variation, whereas those with proven sensitivity have a requirement for complex or expensive laboratory equipmen...

objective(s):leptin receptor (lepr) is a member of the class i cytokine receptor super-family that is known implicated in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. we have investigated the effect of q223r polymorphism on the breast cancer susceptibly in a sample of iranian subjects. materials and methods:we utilized a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) restriction fragment length polymorphi...

ghrelin is a peptide hormone that is composed of 26 amino acids and leads to a positive energy balance and obesity through stimulation of releasing growth hormone, and increasing food intake and body weight.  the purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the association between the ghrelin gene polymorphism and growth traits in ross and cobb broiler chickens. blood samples were collec...

purpose: to investigate the effect of ccl2c-2512t polymorphism on age-related macular degeneration (amd). methods: this study enrolled 48 patients originating from northeast of iran who suffered from dry type amd. the association of c-2518t in the promoter region of ccl2 gene was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). control grou...

diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease. it has recently been shown that an insertion (i)/deletion (d) polymorphism exists in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) gene that can affect the serum ace level. there are three genotypes: dd, di, and ii, with the ace level being highest in dd, intermediate in di, and lowest in ii. in the present investigation, 170 patients with type 2 diabete...