This study presents a simplified model of a midsized vehicle powered by a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack together with a lead-acid battery as an energy buffer. The model is used with dynamic programming in order to find the optimal coordination of the two power sources while penalizing transient excursions in oxygen concentration in the fuel cell and the state of charge in the bat...

Newly synthesized Polypropylene-g-Polyethylene glycol polymer was first time used for a compartment-less enzymatic fuel cell. Working electrodes based on Polypropylene-g-Polyethylene glycol were operated as unmediated and mediated system (with ferrocene and gold/cobalt oxide nanoparticles). Glucose oxidase and bilirubin oxidase was selected as anodic and cathodic enzyme, respectively. Glucose w...

in this research the simulation of an air independent proton exchange membrane fuel cell (pemfc) propulsion system was taken into consideration. the system consists of several parts including pem fuel cell stack, metal hydride and liquid oxygen (lox) tanks, and also pre-heaters of oxygen and hydrogen gases along with other heat exchangers, to ensure proper operation of system. the heat recovery...

This paper presents an overview of the most relevant fuel cell types and identifies promising options for application in propulsion systems commercial electrified aviation. The general design, operating principles main characteristics polymer electrolyte membrane, alkaline, direct methanol, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate solid oxide cells are described. Evaluation criteria derived from aviat...

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells consist of hundreds stacked individual layers. As misplacement can lead to product-malfunctions the positioning accuracy plays a crucial role during assembly. Thus, increase and lower cycle time, this paper presents camera-integrated gripper for single layer handling cell components. The overlapping suction holes within system is used position measu...

The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system is considered to be an ideal alternative for the internal combustion engine, especially when used on a city bus. Hybrid buses with fuel cell systems and energy storage systems are now undergoing transit service demonstrations worldwide. A hybrid PEM fuel cell city bus with a hierarchical control system is studied in this paper. Firstly, th...

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) composed of polymer or blend is a vital element in PEM fuel cell that allows proton transport and serves as barrier between oxygen. Understanding the microscopic phase behavior blends very crucial to design alternative cost-effective proton-conducting materials. In this study, mesoscale morphologies Nafion/poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (Nafion-PVTri) Nafion/pol...

This paper presents a non linear state space model and a linear control system for a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell. The dynamics modeled are the temperature of the stack and the air fl ow compressor, and their main feature is the reproduction of the oxygen excess ratio behavior. The linear control system is a linear quadratic state feedback regulator and a Kalman fi lter, where the con...