This paper proposes an inverse kinematic model for deformable robots made entirely of electro-active polymer gel. The required method is to control higher degrees of freedom than numbers of input. We have been proposed a kinematic and dynamic model of electro-active polymer system and derived a variety of motions of gel robots by applying spatially varying electric fields. However, inverse kine...

1. Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can non-invasively and non-destructively probe the magnetization of hydrogen atoms on water molecules in large objects with a high spatial resolution, and in three dimensions. This unique combination of properties is exploited in polymer gel dosimetry since original gel dosimeters, in which viscosity changes were measured and related to the absor...

Conventional gel electrodes are widely used for biopotential measurements, despite important drawbacks such as skin irritation, long set-up time and uncomfortable removal. Recently introduced dry electrodes with rigid metal pins overcome most of these problems; however, their rigidity causes discomfort and pain. This paper presents dry electrodes offering high user comfort, since they are fabri...

The BANG polymer gel dosimeter was used to evaluate 3D absorbed dose distributions in tissue delivered with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery systems. We compared dose distributions calculated with Leksell GammaPlan (LGP) treatment-planning software with dose distributions measured with the polymer gel dosimeter for single-shot irradiations. Head-sized spherical glass vessels filled with th...

We report x-ray scattering, rheological, and freeze-fracture and polarizing microscopy studies of a liquid crystalline hydrogel called Lalpha,g. The hydrogel, found in DMPC, pentanol, water, and PEG-DMPE mixtures, differs from traditional hydrogels, which require high MW polymer, are disordered, and gel only at polymer concentrations exceeding an "overlap" concentration. In contrast, the Lalpha...

Background: Gel polymers are considered as new dosimeters for determining radiotherapy dose distribution in three dimensions.Objective: The ability of a new formulation of MAGIC-f polymer gel was assessed by experimental measurement and Monte Carlo (MC) method for studying the effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in prostate dose distributions under the internal Ir-192 and external 18MV radiothe...

Background: Radiation-sensitive polymer gels are among the most promising three-dimensional dose verification tools and tissue-like phantom developed to date.Objective: The aim of this study is an investigating of percentage depth dose enhancement within the gel medium with used of conformal distribution gold nanoparticle as contrast agents by high atomic number material.Methods: In this work t...

In this study, synthetic sulfonated polymers were used in order to enhance the rheological properties of drilling fluids. The capability of these polymers in reducing the effects of environmentally friendly, but harmful, pollutants such as cement, calcium chloride, gypsum as well as pH changes were investigated. In the present work, two sulfonated synthetic polymers, namely Polythin and Polydri...

Energy storage devices that provide high specific power without compromising on specific energy are highly desirable for many electric-powered applications. Here, we demonstrate that polymer organic radical gel materials support fast bulk-redox charge storage, commensurate to surface double layer ion exchange at carbon electrodes. When integrated with a carbon-based electrical double layer capa...

In nearly all cases, electrophoresis in gels is driven via the electrolysis of water at the electrodes, where the process consumes water and produces electrochemical by-products. We have previously demonstrated that π-conjugated polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) can be placed between traditional metal electrodes and an electrolyte to mitigate electrolysis in liquid (capi...