The objective of this investigation was the development of chitosan/xanthan polyelectrolyte complex based mucoadhesive nasal insert of promethazine hydrochloride a drug used in the treatment of motion sickness. A 3(2) factorial design was applied for preparing chitosan/xanthan polyelectrolyte complex and to study the effect of independent variables i.e. concentration of xanthan [X1] and concent...

– Multivalent ions can induce condensation of like-charged polyelectrolytes into compact states, a process that requires different ion valence for different polyelectrolyte species. We have examined the trivalent ion induced condensation behavior in binary anionic polyelectrolyte mixtures consisting of DNA coils and F-actin rods, and observe a micro-phase separation between the two polyelectrol...

Binding of RecA to poly(dG-m5dC) and poly(dG-dC) under B- and Z-form conditions was studied using circular dichroism (CD) and linear dichroism (LD). LD revealed a quantitative binding of RecA to Mg2+-induced Z-form poly(dG-m5dC) with a stoichiometry of 3.1 base pairs/RecA monomer, which is slightly larger than the 2.7 base pairs observed for the B-form. The LD spectra indicate a preferentially ...

Silver nanocubes were synthesized for the first time in large quantities on gold seed in the presence of a polyelectrolyte using microwave heating for 60-120 s. Our experiment indicates that the polyelectrolyte directs the growth of the particle in a specified crystallographic direction resulting in the faceted particle, i.e. a nanocube. The nanocubes are stable for at least 2 months in ambient...

Polyelectrolyte-colloid coacervation could be viewed as a sub-category of complex coacervation, but is unique in (1) retaining the structure and properties of the colloid, and (2) reducing the heterogeneity and configurational complexity of polyelectrolyte-polyelectrolyte (PE-PE) systems. Interest in protein-polyelectrolyte coacervates arises from preservation of biofunctionality; in addition, ...

Addition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to C==C bonds in cis-1,4-polyisoprene and reaction of the adduct with NaOH resulted in the formation of a water-soluble polyelectrolyte with N-sulfate and carboxylate groups. The polyelectrolyte showed anticoagulant activity and it was found, just as with heparin, that the activity was related to molecular weight and N-sulfate content.

Simplified mean field theory for the phase behaviour of polyelectrolytes in solution is described in detail. It can be viewed as the polyelectrolyte analogue of Flory-Huggins theory. A basic nlodel is analyzed, then extended to look at the effects of multivalent ions (specifically divalent coions), of distinguishable counterions, and of an ionization equilibriunl between counterions and polyele...

The latest memoir of the Society for Endocrinology presents the papers and discussions of a 1958 symposium on selected aspects of comparative and human sex morphology. It is gratifying that discussions of bacteria and invertebrate forms are included. Several authors examine the important question of genetic and hormonal controls of sex differentiation. The possibility of regulating the sex rati...