The actions of environmental toxicants and relevant mixtures in promoting the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian disease was investigated with the use of a fungicide, a pesticide mixture, a plastic mixture, dioxin and a hydrocarbon mixture. After transient exposure of an F0 gestating female rat during embryonic gonadal sex determination, the F1 and F3 generation progeny adult o...

Knowledge of normal gonadal hormone production and function provides the basis for understanding the ovarian pathologic effects resulting from perturbations in endocrine balance and feedback. A precisely timed, complex, and well-coordinated cascade of ovarian steroidogenesis accompanies normal cyclical follicular function. This cascade involves both estrogens and androgens. Alterations in the h...

BACKGROUND Premature adrenarche refers to the early maturation of the adrenal zona reticularis such that the resultant modest hyperandrogenism causes the early appearance of pubic hair before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. The precise etiology of premature adrenarche is not known. However, recent studies indicate that certain girls with premature adrenarche are at risk of deve...

STUDY QUESTION Does the expression of LHCG receptor (LHCGR) protein and key enzymes in the androgen biosynthetic pathway differ in normal human versus polycystic ovarian tissue? SUMMARY ANSWER LHCGR and 17α-hydroxylase/17-20-lyase (CYP17A1) protein levels are increased in polycystic ovaries (PCOs). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The predominant source of excess androgen secretion in women with polyc...

The functional reproductive alterations seen in women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have changed as therapy has improved. Historically, patients with T1D and insufficient metabolic control exhibited a high prevalence of amenorrhea, hypogonadism, and infertility. Recent publications have shown that in spite of intensive insulin therapy, some delay in the age of thelarche, pubarche and menarche is s...

Objective: To compare the efficacy of clomiphene citrate and with metformin in anovulatory infertility PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place Duration Study: This research took place Department Gynecology Obstetrics at combined military hospital Bahawalpur. The study was carried out over a six-month period, starting on 1st November 2022 conclu...

This study was conducted to see the effects of Clomiphene Citrate on fertility hormones estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH in patients with infertility associated polycystic ovary syndrome. For this fifty infertile PCOS who were given treatment clomiphene citrate (50–150mg/day for 5 days). Ovarian response ovulation monitored by transvaginal ultrasonography and serum levels FSH, estrogen also esti...

OBJECTIVE To measure the outcome of age on ovarian and uterine morphology in primary infertile women with polycystic ovaries. METHODS The observational cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2009 to March 2010, and the subjects were recruited from Ziauddin Hospital, Nazimabad, Karachi. The primary infertile subjects with polycystic ovaries were subdivided into two age groups: 20-30 ...

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder of androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction. Hirsutism and elevated free testosterone levels are the most consistent signs of the androgen excess. Irregular, infrequent, or absent menses and infertility are symptoms of ovulatory dysfunction. Obesity is also a feature of this syndrome and contributes to associated metabolic abnormalities. Lifestyle...