OBJECTIVES IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an increasingly recognized syndrome of unknown etiology that can affect a wide variety of organs. The commonly shared features include tumor-like swelling of the involved organs, a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate enriched with polyclonal IgG4-positive plasma cells, variable degree of fibrosis, and elevated serum concentrations of polyclonal IgG4. METH...

A recent study demonstrated that polyclonal antibodies to Rickettsia conorii and monoclonal antibodies to outer membrane proteins A (OmpA) and B (OmpB) provided effective, Fc-dependent, passive immunity, even in severe combined immunodeficient mice with an established infection. In order to determine the mechanism of protection, mouse endothelial and macrophage-like cell lines were infected wit...

Monoclonal antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans produce distinct capsular reactions and have biological activities that are determined by serotype specificity. In the present study, polyclonal rabbit anticapsular antibodies were cross-absorbed to produce serotype specificities similar to those of monoclonal antibodies. The results showed that polyclonal and monoc...

BACKGROUND Based on results of earlier studies, brain, heart and kidney are most commonly used for West Nile virus (WNV) detection in avian species. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been used for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of WNV in these species. Thus far, no studies have been performed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in d...

BACKGROUND The etiologic agent of Chagas Disease is Trypanosoma cruzi. Acute infection results in patent parasitemia and polyclonal lymphocyte activation. Polyclonal B cell activation associated with hypergammaglobulinemia and delayed specific humoral immunity has been reported during T. cruzi infection in experimental mouse models. Based on preliminary data from our laboratory we hypothesized ...

BACKGROUND Introduction: GM2 is a type of ganglioside. It is associated with GM2 gangliosidoses such as Tay-Sachs disease.

Am J Clin Pathol 2009;131:897-903 901 © American Society for Clinical Pathology relative to Freelite (Figure 1). Both patients had negative results for urine BJPs, further undermining the validity of the ELISA assay results. It is possible that the monoclonal antibodies are cross-reacting with the reported IgG λ and IgA λ monoclonal intact immunoglobulins in these patients, leading to falsely r...

Lipid hydroperoxide may react with protein or amino phospholipid without secondary decomposition. We prepared a polyclonal an tibody to lipid hydroperoxide-modified proteins using 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z, 1 1E-octadecadienoic acid-modified keyhole limpet hemocyanin (13-HPODEKLH) as immunogen. The antibody recognized 13-HPODEmodified bovine serum albumin (BSA), but not aldehydemodified proteins, such...

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare aggressive variant of plasma myeloma. The differential diagnosis PCL includes multiple myeloma (MM), other leukemias, and lymphomas with abnormal cells circulating in the peripheral blood. In addition, infectious or autoimmune diseases can cause reactive polyclonal plasmacytosis, which could confuse us occasionally. Sometimes, blastoid morphology confusion d...

− In this paper, we propose a Simulated Annealing PolyClonal Selection Algorithm (SAPCSA) for Traveling Salesman Problems (TSP). By introducing a simulated annealing (SA) strategy to the PolyClonal Selection Algorithm (PCSA), the SAPCSA integrate the characteristics of both SA and PCSA. Numerous instances have been simulated to verify the proposed algorithm.