Out-of-plane compression tests were conducted on six grades of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibre composites (Dyneema) with varying grades of fibre and matrix, ply thickness, and ply stacking sequence. The composites with a [01/901] lay-up had an out-of-plane compressive strength that was dictated by in-plane tensile fibre fracture. By contrast, the out-of-plane compressive strength...

Woven cloth composite materials have been extensively used to reinforce the structures of automobiles and the airframes of aircraft. It is well-known that a woven cloth composite \ply" has the capability of tting to fairly complex geometries. Fitting here means that a ply is deformed and applied to a 3D surface in such a way that it is in contact everywhere with the surface. However, it is not ...

BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common etiologic agent of invasive respiratory infections among children under 5 years of age and older adults. Isolation rates of S. pneumoniae by traditional culture techniques are low. AIM To study the sensitivity and specificity of two different DNA extraction methods to amplify the ply gene, applied to three different types of blood culture broths...

In this study, we used a previously described method of controlling gene expression with computer-based gene design and de novo DNA synthesis to attenuate the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We produced 2 S. pneumoniae serotype 3 (SP3) strains in which the pneumolysin gene (ply) was recoded with underrepresented codon pairs while retaining its amino acid sequence and determined their ply...

Polarimetric optical fibre sensors have been embedded within the 0° ply and close to the 0/90 interface of transparent cross-ply GFRP coupons. The coupons have been subjected to an increasing quasi-static load so that transverse ply cracks initiate and propagate across the coupon. Crack accumulation has been monitored using the optical output signal from the polarimetric sensor, strain measurem...

The present study focused on the action mechanism of S. pneumoniae (Sp) in inducing autophagy in human alveolar epithelial cells. Sp, a gram-positive extracellular bacterium, activates autophagy with considerably increased microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) punctation in A549 cells. The accumulation of typical autophagosomes and conjugation of LC3 to phosphatidylethanolamine were...

Abstract A dynamic mechanical thermal analyser (DMTA) was used to develop insight into the properties of bioinspired asymmetric helicoidal carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites as a function architecture using inter-ply stacking angles 0° (UD), 0/90° (cross-ply), 5°, 15°, 10°, 20°, 25° and 30°. Here, we show that CFRP are linearly correlated their oriented ply fractions between 45° ...