objective(s):reduction of pharmacological effectiveness or tolerance appears following repeated administration of many analgesic drugs. we investigated tolerance to anti-nociceptive effects of orexin-a, an endogenous potent analgesic peptide using the hot-plate test.materials and methods:orexin-a was microinjected icv (intracerebroventricular) with an interval of 12 hr for 7 continuous days and...

an analytical model is proposed and an analysis is conducted for solid oxide fuel cells with goals of higher power densities. the analytical model is designed to help optimize the size, spacing, and geome-trical shapes of current collectors. the model fully considers the ohmic, species concentration, and activa-tion polarizations. from the analysis of several cases, it is recommended that 3d pi...

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) has been a frequent topic of research due to many practical applications. However, many of the current solutions are still not robust in real-world situations, commonly depending on many constraints. This paper presents a robust and efficient ALPR system based on the state-of-the-art YOLO object detector. The Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are tr...

We suggest a method of fitting of the zero-range model of the tectonic plate under the boundary stress based on comparison of the theoretical formulae for the corresponding eigenfunctions/eigenvalues with the results of instrumental measurements of frequency and the shape and the shape of the relevant seismo-gravitational modes in the remoted zone. Comparison of the data of the instrumental mea...

This paper presents an efficient car license plate detection method by using vertical edge detection algorithm (VEDA). For that accurate identification of number plate region, structured component algorithm is used. To extract number plate region first apply image binarization technique on selected image then for reorganization system starts with character identification based on number plate e...

In this paper the recently developed semi-analytic method to solve the free-surface wave interaction with a thin elastic plate is extended to the case of a plate of finite thickness. The method used is based on the reformulation of the differential-integral equation for this problem. The thickness of the plate is chosen such that the elastic behavior of the plate can be described by means of th...

Foundations of structures which are subjected to uplift loading require anchoring systems to resist pullout loads. Such anchors can be broadly classified as gravity anchors, pile anchors and plate anchors. Plate anchors can be circular, square or strip in shape. The loading applied on plate anchors can be vertical, inclined or horizontal depending on the anchor orientation. In this study, vario...

The effects of flexoelectricity on thermo-electro-mechanical behavior of a functionally graded electro-piezo-flexoelectric nano-plate are investigated in this paper using flexoelectric modified and the Kirchhoff classic theories. Moreover, using the variation method and the principle of minimum potential energy for the first time, the coupled governing nonlinear differential equations of the na...

The iroquois (iro) genes encode evolutionary conserved homeoproteins that participate in many developmental processes [reviewed in Development 128 (2001) 2847]. In Xenopus, the Iro protein Xiro1 is a repressor, required during gastrulation for neural plate formation, that downregulates Bmp4. During neurulation, Xiro1 participates in the pattering of the neuroectoderm. In this work, we report th...

A new method for the taking and embedding of placental blocks to obtain maximum information regarding the uteroplacental vasculature was developed. This method involves taking en face blocks of the basal plate of the placenta. Results show that normal and abnormal maternal vessels are clearly delineated. In addition to conventional full thickness blocks, which provide information about the chor...