The electron heating of the solar coronal plasma has remained one of the most important problems in solar physics. An explanation of the electron heating rests on the identification of the energy source and appropriate physical mechanisms via which the energy can be channelled to the electrons. Our objective here is to present an estimate for the electron heating rate in the presence of finite ...

Abstract— The paper presents a review of modern works on gasdynamic flow control using highly nonequilibrium pulsed plasma. main attention is paid to the effects based ultrafast (on nanosecond time scale for atmospheric pressure) local gas heating, since, at present, successes in controlling high-speed flows by means discharges are associated with this thermal mechanism. Attention physical mech...

Plasma-based ammonia synthesis is studied as an option for electrifying the chemical industry. However, energy efficiency of plasma-based severely limited by decomposition in plasma phase. We show that use zeolite 4A adsorbent situ removal from phase suppresses product decomposition, thereby increasing yield. It found yield plasma-chemical with improved a factor 2 compared to steady-state synth...

We have developed a steady-state energy balance model of the solar corona, which calculates coronal magnetic field structure and thermodynamics from a photospheric magnetogram. Our method involves a solution of energy and momentum equations along individual coronal loops, allowing for flows, gravity, non-uniform heating, and cross-sectional area variations. The model yields predicted plasma emi...

The first unambiguous measurements of a bounce-resonance effect in a non-neutral plasma are presented. Two striking signatures are observed when a magnetized electron column is heated by oscillating an end sheath. First, the heating rate increases by a factor of 104 as the oscillation frequency is increased by a factor of 10 near the thermal electron bounce frequency. Second, the heating is enh...

We used photon pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser to study ultrafast x-ray-induced transitions of graphite from solid to liquid and plasma states. This was accomplished by isochoric heating of graphite samples and simultaneous probing via Bragg and diffuse scattering at high time resolution. We observe that disintegration of the crystal lattice and ion heating of up to 5 eV occur within t...

[1] Here we present electron temperature variations observed with incoherent scatter radar during a European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association Heating experiment with high‐frequency (HF) radio wave transmission at frequencies above the peak ionospheric critical frequency. The electron temperature increased from 2000 K up to 2800 K during the HF transmission periods. During the experimen...

The direct conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons, in a quartz tube reactor enforced by a DC corona discharge, was investigated at atmospheric pressure. The process was carried out in the presence of metal oxide catalysts of Mn/W/SiO2, Mn/W/SiO2 (tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS), and Mn/W/CNT (supported on carbon nanotubes). The total yield to C2 hydrocarbons in the presence of metal oxide cat...

Laser ablation involves heating, evaporation of target material and ionization of vapor to form plasma plume surrounding the ablation spot. A self consistent model, that combines target heating, evaporation, ionization, shielding and expansion of plume, is employed to obtain ablation parameters. The results showed good agreement with experiments. For a given laser energy fluence and target mate...

Homogeneous plasma columns with ionization levels typical of megaampere discharges are created by rapidly heating gas-filled 520-μm-diameter channels with nanosecond rise time current pulses of 40 kA. Current densities of up to 0.3  GA cm^{-2} greatly increase Joule heating with respect to conventional capillary discharge Z pinches, reaching unprecedented degrees of ionization for a high-Z plas...