This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations’ responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. Thes...

Research on agents has led to the development of algorithms for learning from experience, accepting guidance from humans, and imitating experts. This paper explores a new direction for agents: the ability to teach other agents. In particular, we focus on situations where the teacher has limited expertise and instructs the student through action advice. The paper proposes and evaluates several t...

The role of imaging as a tool for investigating lung physiology is growing at an accelerating pace. Looking forward, we wished to identify unresolved issues in lung physiology that might realistically be addressed by imaging methods in development or imaging approaches that could be considered. The role of imaging is framed in terms of the importance of good spatial and temporal resolution and ...

Masquerading animals have evolved striking visual resemblances to inanimate objects. These animals gain protection from their predators not simply by avoiding detection, but by causing their predators to misclassify them as the 'models' that they appear to resemble. Using domestic chicks as predators and twig-mimicking caterpillars as prey, we demonstrated that masquerading prey were more likel...

Recent empirical research questions the validity of using Malthusian theory in preindustrial England. Using real wage and vital rate data for the years 1650-1881, I provide empirical estimates for a different region: Northern Italy. The empirical methodology is theoretically underpinned by a simple Malthusian model, in which population, real wages, and vital rates are determined endogenously. M...

Nagal and colleagues again raise ENT surgeons’ concerns about the use of cottonbuds in the ear canal.1 As a GP I have always counselled against the use of cotton buds in this way. However I have comparatively rarely seen complications. If 68% of the population are using cottonbuds in the ear it seems that complications of this practice, as a proportion of the number of times it is performed, mu...

The spur-type growth habit in apple trees is characterized by short internodes, increased number of fruiting spurs, and compact growth that promotes flowering and facilitates management practices, such as pruning. The molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating spur-type growth have not been elucidated. In the present study, miRNAs and the expression of their potential target genes were eva...

Development of a control strategy for thrips attacking nectarine trees depends on an understanding of their phenology, distribution, and life history as related to characteristics of nectarine orchards. To this end, we compared the overwintering behavior, distribution, and abundance of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), among 11 nectarine orchards located in the dry c...

The flowering periodicity and intensity of some subalpine trees and shrubs at Pegleg Flat, Arthur's Pass National Park, was recorded from 1981/82 to 1984/85. Moderate to heavy flowering of most species in 1981/82 was followed by two years of little or no flowering in 1982/83 and 1983/84; almost all species observed flowered heavily in 1984/85. No clear correlation was found between flowering in...