In most studies on avoidance learning, participants receive an aversive unconditioned stimulus after a warning signal is presented, unless the participant performs a particular response. Lovibond (2006) recently proposed a cognitive theory of avoidance learning, according to which avoidance behaviour is a function of both Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. In line with this theory, we fou...

Background: Exposure to electromagnetic radiation may impair memory. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of radiofrequency wave (hereafter referred to as RFW) on passive avoidance learning and memory in healthy males and females. Materials and Methods: Ten adult male and ten female Sprague-Dawley rats (230±20 gr) were randomly divided into four groups including two control groups (o...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats is followed by long-term and progressive deficits in learning, memory, and cognitive performance which is somewhat similar to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD). Epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could delay or slow the clinical expression of SAD. Therefore, the benefi...

PURPOSE Practicing physicians have a societal obligation to maintain their competence. Unfortunately, the self-regulated learning skills likely required for lifelong learning are not explicitly addressed in most medical schools. The authors examined how medical students' perceptions of the learning environment relate to their self-regulated learning behaviors. They also explored how students' p...

intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz) in rats is followed by long-term and progressive deficits in learning, memory, and cognitive performance which is somewhat similar to sporadic alzheimer’s disease (sad). epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) could delay or slow the clinical expression of sad. therefore, the beneficial e...

Effects of pre- and post-natal undernutrition on learning and memory parameters were studied in albino rats. Prenatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restricting the mother's diet by 50% during the entire gestation period, whereas postnatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restriction of their diet by rotating them between lactating and non-lactating maternalised females for ...