Pit Latrines and Groundwater Contamination Negative Impacts of a Popular Sanitation Method Worldwide an estimated 1.77 billion people use pit latrines as their primary mode of sanitation. With the prevalence of pit latrine use growing in developing countries, there is heightened concern about the negative impacts on drinking water. A new review assesses the known and measured environmental heal...

Research in the last decade has shown that to prove lower bounds or to derandomize polynomial identity testing (PIT) it suffices to solve these questions for restricted circuits. In this work, we study the possibly most restricted class of circuits, within depth-4, which would yield such results for general circuits (that is, the complexity class VP). We show that if, for some μ, there is a pol...

Introduction: Impact craters containing central pits are rare on dry bodies like the Moon but common on Mars and the icy moons of the outer solar system. Impact into and vaporization of subsurface volatiles is the probable cause of central pit formation [1, 2]. Vi-king-based studies of central pit craters on Mars found regional distributions of these craters, with an apparent preference for the...

Primary angle closure glaucoma is usually a bilateral disease, though it may be asymmetrical. However, it is unusual to see advanced glaucoma in one eye and no disk damage in the other. We present a case of unilateral angle closure glaucoma complicated by an optic disk pit and iridociliary cysts. How to cite this article: Kaushik S, Ichhpujani P, Kaur S, Pandav SS. Optic Disk Pit and Iridocilia...

Noise produced by blast waves can be a problem, especially when an explosion occurs near populated areas. As one means of reducing the blast noise, the explosive is detonated in a pit, a space closed at the bottom and sides, open at the top. A two-dimentional finite difference model was used to simulate such an explosion in a pit and to determine to what extent the blast wave was attenuated. Th...

ultimate limits of an open pit, which define its size and shape at the end of the mine’s life, is the pit with the highest profit value. a number of algorithms such as floating or moving cone method, floating cone method ii and the corrected forms of this method, the korobov algorithm and the corrected form of this method, dynamic programming and the lerchs and grossmann algorithm based on grap...

TRPA1 is a calcium ion channel protein recently identified as the infrared receptor in pit organ-containing snakes. Therefore, understanding the molecular evolution of TRPA1 may help to illuminate the origin of "heat vision" in snakes and reveal the molecular mechanism of infrared sensitivity for TRPA1. To this end, we sequenced the infrared sensory gene TRPA1 in 24 snake species, representing ...

The Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm probes the influence of Pavlovian cues over instrumentally learned behavior. The paradigm has been used extensively to probe basic cognitive and motivational processes in studies of animal learning. More recently, PIT and its underlying neural basis have been extended to investigations in humans. These initial neuroimaging studies of PIT hav...