Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is becoming increasingly important, especially to the oil and gas industry as more and more reservoirs are soured due to increased practice of water flooding and pipelines are aging (some even beyond their anticipated life expectancies). Despite the fact that MIC research has been going on for several decades, there is much confusion in the MIC liter...

Digital Fabrication technologies exploit a variety of basic technologies to create tangible reproductions of 3D digital models. Even though current 3D printing pipelines still suffer of several restrictions, the reproduction accuracy has gradually reached an excellent level. Thanks to this advancement, the interests of manufacturing industry with respect to 3D printing techniques has significan...

Microbiologically influenced corrosion is responsible for most of the internal corrosion problems in oil transportation pipelines and storage tanks. One problematic area in treating gas lines is the occurrence of the stratification of water in the line. Under these conditions, corrosion inhibitors do not come into contact properly and oil and inhibitors undergo degradation. The role of bacteria...

Pipelines are essential parts of the infrastructure of modern society; Leak detection systems (LDS) are used to protect the public and the environment from the effects of pipeline failure as well as bringing down operational costs, LDS do this by alerting when a leak occur and solving the problems of leakages most often involves the application of two or more methods which largely depends on se...

In this thesis a framework for the design of communication protocols is presented. It provides a theoretical foundation for an existing design method used in industry. The framework supports the specification of protocols as well as the generation of protocol interfaces. For the specification an appropriate formal design language is defined based on dataflow algebras. The language contains oper...

Riser emergency shutdown valves (RESDVs) are an essential risk reduction measure for offshore installations and are a legal requirement under the Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996. The RESDV should isolate the topsides from the well and subsea pipeline in the event of an emergency shutdown, to reduce the inventory for loss of containment or when required for maintenance. RESDV failures, whether...

Erosion, corrosion, and erosion-corrosion are common problems in offshore pipelines, tubing and pipe fittings. Corrosion has an important impact on the total cost of oil and gas production. Considering the diversity of corrosion related problems, CO2 corrosion (sweet corrosion) is probably the material degradation mechanism most extensively assessed in this industry over the last 30 years. In t...

Case-study research was carried out with a view to find the attributes of occupational injury among workers in the chemical industry and to enhance safety issues. Injury data were collected and processed in terms of different variables, such as age, gender, skills, type of hazard, etc. Pareto analysis was then applied to find a pattern of occupational injury among the workers. The study reveale...

In this chapter, we show how to use the Bit-level Analysis Tool (BAT) [21, 22, 20, 4] for hardware verification. The BAT system has been used in the analysis of systems ranging from cryptographic hash functions to machine code to biological systems to large component-based software systems [24, 13, 19], but here we focus on one application: verification of pipelined hardware systems. This chapt...

This chapter explores some hypothetical computer vision pipeline designs to understand HW/SW design alternatives and optimizations. Instead of looking at isolated computer vision algorithms, this chapter ties together many concepts into complete vision pipelines. Vision pipelines are sketched out for a few example applications to illustrate the use of different methods. Example applications inc...