Humans are the product of what society and their environment conditions them into being. People living in metropolitan cities have a very fast-paced life constantly exposed to different situations. A social media platform enables individuals express emotions sentiments thus acts as reservoir for digital emotion footprints its users. This study proposes that user data available on Twitter has po...

Hajj pilgrimage is a nobligation for every Muslim that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime. Every year, more than 3 million pilgrims from over 180 countries travel to worship within confined area of twelve kilometres Makkah, Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). The host country and participating need institute effective measures safer healthier pilgrimage. In the immediate season during ...

Based on two field studies the micro level of items which place-makers and merchants display at holy sites, an argument about supply side political economy pilgrimage is proposed. Place-makers rely established pilgrims’ traditions but differ concerning innovations. are principals sites invest in innovations order to secure site’s long-term performance. Merchants short-term purchase decisions pi...