The double-aromatic character of selected monocyclic carbon, boron, and borocarbon rings is demonstrated by refined nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) analyses involving the contributions of individual canonical MOs and their out-of-plane NICS tensor component (CMO-NICS(zz)). The double aromaticity considered results from two mutually orthogonal Hückel p AO frameworks in a single molecul...

Principle Investigators: Hilbert v. Löhneysen, Christoph Sürgers, Detlef Beckmann CFN-Financed Scientists: Alexander Cosceev (BAT IIa, 6 months), Michael Marz (71% BAT IIa, 36 months), Heiko Stalzer (BAT IIa, 6 months), Niraj Joshi (BAT IIa, 12 months), Marc Müller (5/8 BAT IIa, 6 months), Oliver Berg (1/2 BAT IIa, 5,5 months), Sebastian Zaum (3/4 BAT IIa, 3 months) Further Scientists: Florian ...

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides to inositol phosphates and diacylglycerol (DAG). Whereas the eukaryotic PI-PLCs play a central role in most signal transduction cascades by producing two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and DAG, prokaryotic PI-PLCs are of interest because they act as viru...

Bandeiraea simplicifolia plant seeds contain a family of five alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-binding isolectins (BS I-A4, A3B, A2B2, AB3, B4) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-binding lectin (BS II). After Pi/NaCl extraction and ammonium sulfate fractionation BS II is specifically adsorbed onto p-aminobenzyl-1-thio-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide-succinylaminohexylaminyl--Sepharose-4B. The BS I isolectins pas...

The homotypic fusion between early endosomes from baby-hamster kidney cells is blocked by addition of the fungal metabolite wortmannin with an IC50 of approx. 15 nM. Over this concentration range, wortmannin has been regarded as a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. Further confirmation of the participation of a PI 3-kinase in the fusion reaction has been obtained by demon...

Isoelectric focusing has allowed us to fractionate pituitary extracts into basic (pI 8-9) and acidic (pI 4-5) fibroblast growth factor. The acidic fibroblast growth factor (a) is stable upon refocusing, (b) migrates as an acidic protein in urea-containing gel electrophoresis; (c) is not cell-specific, being active with fibroblasts, adrenal, and glial cells, and (d) is a heterogeneous protein fr...

Incorporation of Pi and ATP synthesis by sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase were studied by rapid quench methods in order to demonstrate whether protein phosphorylation obtained in various experimental conditions leads to intermediates of the same reaction chain, or to products of independent reactions. Phosphorylation occurs rapidly (k = 30 s-‘) when saturating Pi is added to vesicles preincubated ...

We consider the following problem. Let n ≥ 2, b ≥ 1 and q ≥ 2 be integers. Let R and B be two disjoint sets of n red points and bn blue points in the plane, respectively, such that no three points of R∪B lie on the same line. Let n = n1 + n2 + · · · + nq be an integer-partition of n such that 1 ≤ ni for every 1 ≤ i ≤ q. Then we want to partition R∪B into q disjoint subsets P1 ∪P2 ∪ · · · ∪Pq th...

This work proposes a new multi-objective optimization technique for concurrent diminution of torque ripple with the regulation speed 75 Kilowatt, 8/6, 4-phase SRM based on double close loop, modified whale algorithm optimized fractional order proportional integral (MWAO FO-PI) control commutation angle controller. The system is analyzed and designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. First, perfor...