Abstract Background Spondias mombin Linn. is a tropical climate plant with wide applications in ethnomedicinal practice. This study evaluates the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and chemical composition of plant’s stem bark. Methods Dried bark sample was subjected to exhaustive extraction partitioned into sub-fractions (hexane-ethylacetate, ethylacetate, ethylacetate-methanol methanol) by graded po...

A pathogenic isolate of Fusarium, F. oxysporum f. sp. batatas O-17 (PF), causes wilt disease in leaf etiolation in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and morning glory (Ipomoea tricolor). Extracts from PF cultures were screened for phytotoxic components using a growth inhibition assay with morning glory seedlings. The extracts were fractionated using differential solvent extraction and two active c...

Fine fescue grasses displace neighboring plants by depositing large quantities of an aqueous phytotoxic root exudate in the soil rhizosphere. Via activity-guided fractionation, we have isolated and identified the nonprotein amino acid m-tyrosine as the major active component. m-Tyrosine is significantly more phytotoxic than its structural isomers o- and p-tyrosine. We show that m-tyrosine expos...

This study evaluated the influence of insecticides on gas exchange, chlorophyll content, vegetative and floral development, and plant quality of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ‘Festival Salmon’). Insecticides from five chemical classes were applied weekly at 1× or 4× their respective recommended concentration. The insecticides used were abamectin (Avid), acephate (Orthene), bifenthrin (Talsta...

The phytotoxic effect of 2,4-D amine, 2,4-DIBE-butachlor; butachlor, benthiocarb and molinate on rice plants were assessed. Applications of the herbicides at different time resulted in severe phytotoxicity when applied before seeding. Early postemergent applications were also generally phytotoxic, adversely affecting plant growth and grain yield. Late applications 8 to 10 weeks after seeding we...

Thaxtomin phytotoxins produced by plant-pathogenic Streptomyces species contain a nitro group that is essential for phytotoxicity. The N,N'-dimethyldiketopiperazine core of thaxtomins is assembled from L-phenylalanine and L-4-nitrotryptophan by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, and nitric oxide synthase-generated NO is incorporated into the nitro group, but the biosynthesis of the nonproteinog...

The present study was performed for the ecotoxicity assessment of bismuth (Bi) effect on biological indicators soil condition: total number bacteria, catalase activity, dehydrogenases activity and germination Radish seeds length roots. Three types with significantly different resistance ability to heavy metal pollution were studied: Haplic Chernozems Calcic, Arenosols Eutric Cambisols Eutric.So...

Some insecticides have the potential to cause varying levels of phytotoxicity. This study examined 1) the time courses of photosynthetic injury in cotton (Gossypium hirsutisms L.) leaves treated with methomyl [S-methyl-N-[(methyl carbamoyl)oxy]-thioacetimidate] and 2) the relationships between carbon exchange rate (CER), stomatal conductance, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter FX/FP, and ri...